OPERATIONAL AUDIT IN DEFINING CREDIT OPERATION RATES

Objective: The objective of the study is to verify how the application of operational auditing in the rates of credit operations of a financial institution can instrumentalize management in the decision-making process. Theoretical Framework: In order to build the theoretical basis to interpret the empirical data, the authors reviewed the scientific literature that deals with operational auditing, internal controls, standards, regulations and legislation applied to auditing. Method: The methodology adopted comprises descriptive research, with a qualitative approach and a case study in a large financial institution, containing characteristics and mechanisms specific to the organization in question. Data collection through semi-structured interviews with the institution's managers, directly linked to credit operations, in addition to documentary survey and observation. Results and Discussion: The results of the research showed fluctuations between the positions of the audited financial institution, regarding the items highlighted in each criterion when defining the credit rate. It is also possible to identify high levels of irregularities in some criteria for defining the rates adopted. Implications of the Research: The research contributes to the literature through its practical propositions regarding the performance of operational audits, in which it was found that internal controls must be improved with the aim of reducing notes and irregularities found in the definition of rates for credit operations of the financial institution. Originality/Value: The research highlights the relevance of auditing in the qualification of internal controls and efficient management to combat errors or fraud, a topic that is still little explored in scientific literature.


INTRODUCTION
The quest to achieve goals and results within organizations is constant, often in an immediate way, forgetting that to achieve profitability and profitability it is also necessary to develop techniques for controlling and monitoring activities (Araujo et a.l, 2008).The controller has a great role in this control, because it is this that will provide the managers with the precise and necessary information for the decision making, thus contributing to the business management (Tachizawa, 1990).
In addition to controls, if auditing is necessary, it has the purpose of assessing whether internal controls are being contemplated in their integrity, so it serves as a management tool, as the auditor performs his work, it starts to play a guiding role with the organization's management (Becker et al., 1998).Internal controls are used to, in a way, inhibit fraud and errors that may occur, they are also directed to the part of the organization of the company with respect to compliance with rules, rules and statutes (Sá, 2002).
Whatever the auditor's operating environment, he must always pay attention to the ethics and responsibility that are his as the professional chosen to carry out the analysis of accounting information.In order to clarify how this activity is carried out, it is considered appropriate to differentiate between audit rodizio and audit rodizio (Yoshitake, 2009).The role of the audit is to survey data, verify data and give an opinion on what has been found, all these flows are carried out on the basis of official audit standards.The audit also serves as a management tool for the company, as it assists in decision making (Crepaldi, 2002).The purpose of the operational audit is to check and evaluate internally procedures of a given sector or segment, it also finds if the operational objectives now proposed are being met and if the execution of activities are being conducted correctly (Imoniana, 2019).
The financial institution under study has recently implemented a new pricing methodology for credit transactions, as this is a new form and there are still tools necessary to carry out internal control of these transactions regarding the definition of the rates of credit transactions, and it is important that an operational audit be carried out at this stage in the definition of the rates of credit transactions in order to allow a more qualified analysis of the credit transaction managers on the subject addressed.Operational auditing is directly related to internal auditing, which is usually carried out by the company's own employees and is more focused on the organization's internal controls (Araujo et al., 2008).In this connection, the question arises: How can the application of operational audit to the rates of a financial institution's credit operations make management instrumental in the decision-making process? 4 The objective of the study is to examine how the application of operational audit to the credit transaction rates of a financial institution can instrumentalize management in the decisionmaking process.Oliveira (2007) investigated the stage of the operational audit at the Rio de Janeiro State Court of Auditors (TCE-RJ), what modalities have already been carried out, the benefits generated for the improvement of public spending management and the traineeships that are missing to be considered fully implemented.The study by Graciliano;Moreira;Nunes;Pontes and Zampa (2010) aimed to highlight how the audits of operational nature of the Court of Auditors of the Union have contributed to the accountability process of the audited entities, using the TCU's feedback and criticisms in the audits of operational nature.Considering these studies, the proposed research is justified by presenting an approach related to the application of operational audit in the rates of credit operations of a financial institution, aiming to instrumentalize management in the decision-making process.

THEORETICAL FRAME
The practice of auditing is relatively new in Brazil, it arose from the need for companies to be transparent to the company and its investors, the audit comes to investigate, attest and verify the portrait of the organization, that is, to prove or not whether the drawn up statements reflect the real assets situation of the company.The audit includes the examination of documents, books and records, inspections and obtaining information and confirmations, internal and external, related to the control of assets, aiming to measure the accuracy of these records and the accounting statements resulting from it (Crepaldi, 2002;Araujo et al., 2008).
The audit has two major ramifications: internal audit and external audit.Internal audit focuses more on internal controls for the management of the company as a whole, most often performed by an employee of the organization that is submitted to administration."The purpose of the internal audit is to assist all members of the administration in the effective performance of their duties and responsibilities by providing them with analyzes, assessments, recommendations and comments relevant to the activities examined", (Crepaldi, 2002).
The external auditor has the main focus on the company's financial statements, examining its variations and what is exposed to it, and then issuing an opinion on the financial situation presented in the period.The external audit is carried out by an independent professional and has no employment relationship with the company, is the set of technical procedures that aims to give an opinion on the adequacy of the financial and asset position, the result of the operations, the changes in the net worth and the sources and applications of resources of the audited entity according to Brazilian accounting standards (Becker et al., 1998;Sá, 2002).
The audit is governed by standards, one of which refers to the working papers used to substantiate the findings of the auditor and the work carried out.In order to meet this standard, auditors prepare working papers, which represent the record of evidence obtained during the performance of the audit service.Such work papers can be drawn up manually or by computer (Almeida, 2003).In order for the audit to be carried out properly, it is indispensable to carry out an audit plan to be applied, the planning guides the work and allows a consistent organization of the activities (Yoshitake, 2009).
The planning aims at knowledge about the company's business and organization, as well as defining the hours to be worked and the procedures to be adopted and by whom they will be carried out.According to CFC Resolution 1311 (2013) the client designates appropriate and qualified professional, preferably from senior management, to be responsible at all times for internal audit activities and to recognize responsibility for planning, implementing and maintaining internal control.The stage of audit planning becomes even more valuable from the moment that it is structured and converted into an audit program, listing the procedures that will be used in carrying out the work, that is, when ideas or decisions regarding what to do, how and why are converted into audit procedures evidenced in writing in the form of programs (Crepaldi, 2002).
Audit programs may vary depending on the case in which they will be implemented, but some points should be included in the program, such as the objectives of the work, the procedures used, the duration of activities and some aspects of internal controls (Sá, 2002).
Still, well-prepared audit programs bring important advantages to the work by making the activities better distributed, highlighting the importance of each step and ensuring better administration of the audit work, it is also worth noting that audit programs can be reviewed and changed if necessary, in addition to the advantages cited the audit program can bring some disadvantages but are associated with poor program performance (Yoshitake, 2009)."However, the program can limit the capacity of personal creation, as it can make the auditor's work mechanical.There is also a risk that some procedure will not be applied only because it was omitted from the program" (Crepaldi, 2002).
After the audit program has been implemented and the phase of surveys, verifications and findings has been completed, the auditor prepares the audit report for the company's management, because the entrepreneurs after all the audit work expect more than just the 6 opinion, this report, after discussion by the administrators together with the auditor, can support some decisions within the organization (Araujo et al., 2008).Therefore, it is expected that the auditor, based on the experience gained from the audit exercise of several companies and various branches of business, present constructive recommendations, to improve internal controls, cost reduction, improvement of accounting and administrative practices, as well as a better way to conduct his company (Almeida, 2003).
In addition to carrying out its work, the auditor must also seek to visualize the results of the work with the eyes of the company, thus helping with suggestions for improving controls and the business as a whole (Sá, 2002).In this context, the operational audit of the project's resources has not yet been reviewed, verifies, analyzes and issues an opinion concerning internal processes of the organization, it can be said that the audit of operations is carried out in a time frame where the past and present are in evidence, it can be transformed into a management audit, from the moment that the results of the work are analyzed and changes are projected, something new capable of improving the internal control of the company improving the progress of the business (Araujo et al., 2008).
The objectives of the performance of the operational audit include the assessment of the level of operationalization of the units according to the current regulations; as well as, contribute to the optimization of the dynamics of the performance of the units via preventive audit, based on the application of checklists, covering products, services and infrastructure; checking the adequacy of the operational standards of the units according to the evolution of the technology of each organization and also stimulate organizational quality, Gil (2000).
One point of relevance of operational auditing is the internal controls that guide the company's administrative area.A good internal control system makes all the difference within an organization because it serves to monitor the routine of operations.On the other hand, it is no use for the company to deploy excellent internal controls if there is no one who periodically checks its compliance determined in the system, or if the system should not be adapted to the new circumstances, (Imoniana, 2019).
Another important factor about internal controls is to evaluate the relationship between the cost and the benefit it provides, and the cost of internal control should not exceed the benefits expected from it."This means that the most sophisticated (usually more expensive) controls must be established for transactions of relevant values, while the less rigid controls must be deployed for the less important transactions" (Almeida, 2003).
The audit programs serve as a guide for the auditor to carry out his work, they facilitate the progress of the processes so as to organize each planned step to be applied in the audit.It is 7 a series of verification procedures to be applied to certain elements, with the purpose of obtaining adequate information that enables the auditor to form his opinion, (Crepaldi, 2002).
"The audit program records the procedures that the auditor believes are necessary to achieve the audit objectives.The form of the program varies with the circumstances and practices and policies of the audit firm" (Boynton;Johnson & Kell, 2002).
Each audit program is unique, that is, it is drawn up according to each case and may vary in form depending on the type and specificities in which the audit will be developed."The program must be prepared by analyzing, among other things, the nature and size of the company or sector examined, the policies and internal control system established by the administration and the purposes of the examination to be carried out" (Crepaldi, 2002, p. 306).
The audit program should contain a number of points that will guide the work.It is necessary to define the objective of the work, internal control aspects, audit procedures and at what stage they will be carried out, also the extent necessary to carry out a quality work, based on three visits by the auditor, an initial visit, a preliminary visit and a final conclusive visit (Yoshitake, 2009).
The first comes to identify how is the internal control system of the organization, the second has the objective of preparation and alignment of work, the third is the final visit, that is, it will have the conclusive considerations and the issue of the auditor's opinion (Sá, 2002).
The working papers are the documents that portray what is executed in the audit, they evidence the notes and are used for the opinion formation of the auditor, it is worth noting that the working papers are for the exclusive use of the auditor (Boynton;Johnson & Kell, 2002).The working papers refer to the set of forms and documents containing information and notes made by the auditor, during the examination, the evidence raised by him and described in many cases, which constitute the testimony of the work carried out and the reasoning of his opinion (Crepaldi, 2002).
The Working Papers cover each segment of the audit, they must be organized and bring with clarity all the information, this will help the auditor when carrying out the audit report, are often prepared with the help of software developed for microcomputers, although they can be prepared manually.(Boynton;Johnson & Kell, 2002).The working papers may be different depending on each audit, but there is a basic structure where they should contain: reference, cell title, master cells, analytical cells, date and the name of the person preparing it.
The audit report is the closure of the work, it contains the information from the audit carried out and the way in which it was conducted.In the report are also the conclusions of the auditor, that is, the basis for his opinion formation (Sá, 2002).In addition to expressing the 8 results achieved with the work, it must be made in such a way that the users of the service, in this case the managers of the company, can understand the message to be transmitted, therefore, the report must be clear and objective in order to fulfill its purpose, it is the opportunity that the auditor has to draw the attention of the administration on the work carried out (Boynton;Johnson & Kell, 2002).Considering this aspect of fundamental importance, the auditor should not consider it as a melancholic product, but as an opportunity to show management what it has to offer for the improvement of the company (Attie, 2012).
With regard to legislation, there are a few points that can be highlighted with regard to the proposed study: the Central Bank lending rate, the Basel Accord and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (Altamuro & Beatty, 2010).In October 1999, the Central Bank of Brazil began defining the interest rates for credit operations, as part of the measures adopted to reduce the banking spread in the country, the disclosure of interest rates applied by financial institutions to credit operations carried out with free resources.The information is segregated according to the type of charge (prefixed, postfixed, floating rates and price indices) and the category of the taker (natural and legal persons) (Bagnoli & Watts, 2005).
Interest rates represent the market average and are calculated from the daily rates of financial institutions weighted by their respective grants at each date.They are released in the form of annual fees and monthly fees.Monthly average rates are obtained by capitalizing adjusted daily rates for a standard period of 21 working days (Altamuro & Beatty, 2010).
Special check rates are an exception, as the number of working days within the 30 calendar days from the reference date is taken into account, including the next working day if the maturity occurs on a non-working day (Bagnoli & Watts, 2005;Hochberg;Sapienza & Vissing-Jorgensen;2009).
The interest rates of each financial institution represent geometric averages weighted by the concessions observed in the last five working days, a period that is presented in the ranking of each modality of credit operation.As, in general, institutions practice different rates within the same mode of credit operation, the average rate may differ from that charged to certain customers (Bagnoli & Watts, 2005).The minimum and maximum rates seek to mirror the institution's operational policy in each line of credit.The minimum rate disclosed for each modality is the lowest of the minimum rates observed in the five working day period and the highest of the maximum rates observed for the same period (Altamuro & Beatty, 2010).
In general, there is an inverse relationship between interest rates and credit volumes, depending on the collateral involved in the transaction.Large transactions tend to have lower 9 rates, while small value transactions, without the requirement of guarantees, tend to have higher rates (Bagnoli & Watts, 2005).
The aim of the Basel Accord was to strengthen the soundness and stability of the banking system, to avoid the so-called "domino effect" by recommending that banks build up a minimum capital so as to minimize the risks of bank failure, and that it be sufficient to cope with a good part of the occurrences where losses materialize (Hochberg;Sapienza & Vissing-Jorgensen, 2009).
Since the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision introduced the Capital Accord in 1988, aimed at internationalizing banking, significant changes have occurred in the industry, particularly in the areas of risk management, banking supervision and the financial market.In June 1999, the Committee presented a proposal to replace the existing Agreement with more refined concepts of risk sensitivity (altamuro & beatty, 2010).
In January 2001, the Committee released the New Capital Accord of Basel, more complex and extensive than the previous one, which aims to give greater soundness to the financial system in the world.Due to the severity of the 2008 crisis and the problems presented by banks, the Basel Committee has revised the second agreement with the aim of enabling banks to absorb shocks from the financial turmoil in order to have the least negative impact on the real economy (Hochberg;Sapienza & Vissing-Jorgensen, 2009).
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was signed into law by U.S. President George W. Bush in July 2002, bearing the names of the two congressmen responsible for its drafting, Senator Paul Sarbanes and Republican Congressman Michael Oxley.This law aims to better promote Corporate Governance through the effectiveness of Internal Controls that influence organizations' financial results (Altamuro & Beatty, 2010).
Sections 404 and 302 of the Act play an important role in strengthening the share of internal controls and responsibilities in quarterly and annual disclosures.In this way, companies began to take measures to improve their internal control structure, reviewing responsibilities, processes and systems to ensure the reliability of the information disclosed (Hochberg;Sapienza & Vissing-Jorgensen, 2009).It is expected that, with the improvement of the internal control methodology, smaller companies that are not obliged to comply with the Law, will use these tools, thus achieving a more rigid control in their operations (Altamuro & Beatty, 2010).
The audit standards guide the auditor's work, they are present in the procedures adopted The audit work must be based on audit standards, because in addition to organizing the work, they bring benefits to the auditor and also to the auditee by ensuring the proper implementation of an audit program.

METHODOLOGY
Considering that the objective of the study is to verify how the application of operational audit in the rates of credit operations of a financial institution can instrumentalize management in the decision-making process, the study in question presents descriptive characteristics.
According to Gil (2010) "descriptive research aims to describe the characteristics of a given population".Therefore, the study that is aimed at describing the particularities of a given group has this characteristic.
The approach of the study is qualitative, which according to Martins & Theóphilo (2018) is used "to discover and understand the complexity and interaction of elements related to the object of study".In this way, the study wants to look for the factors that influence a given sector of an organization without the use of statistics.
The research procedure used is the case study.In the conception of Vergara ( 2009) the case study "...is limited to one or a few units, understood as person, family, product, company, public body, community or even country.It has a character of depth and detailing".Therefore, the present study understands this definition because it is a specific study of a Financial Institution, containing characteristics and mechanisms specific to the organization in question.
In this study one of the data collection procedures adopted and the research through semistructured interview and document analysis.Research of this kind is characterized by the direct questioning of people whose behavior is desired to know.Basically, information is requested from a significant group of people about the problem studied and then, through quantitative analysis, the conclusions corresponding to the collected data are obtained (Gil, 2010).
The semi-structured interview was conducted with the employees, who act directly in the financial institution's units.For Martins; Theóphilo (2018) the semi-structured interview "is conducted with the use of a script, but with freedom to be added new questions by the interviewer".The interview focused on extracting as much information and evidence as possible about internal controls and procedures in credit operations.
The study was carried out in a large financial institution, it grants loans and financing to individuals (PF) and legal entities (PJ), the organization operates with a large portfolio of credit products at the disposal of its users.The work was carried out in three places of care of this institution that organizes itself as a system, in a municipality in the northwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, a region that is essentially dependent on the primary sector of the economy.
The data collection plan sought to show how the data and information were treated in the conduct of the research.For this to happen, it was indispensable that methods be organized capable of supporting this quest for the good development of research.
The instruments that were used involved systematic, individual and real-life observation, nonstandard interviews were also conducted with people involved in the credit area, as well as with the managers of the company under study.Data were also sought in documents and reports provided by the company, as well as information that was obtained in the institution's own information system, in order to provide input for the study and improvement of the results.12 The analysis and interpretation of the data took place from the information that gives support to the work and qualifies the performance of the work.First, the data on the releases of the credit operations were drawn up, then the processes for the actual audit were separated.The audit was applied based on the analysis of internal controls that formed the basis of the preparation of the audit program, checking the information and documentation and, later on, and possession of the information collected, non-standard interviews were also carried out with the managers involved in the process, ending with the preparation of the audit report.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
To carry out the work, three service posts were chosen from the financial institution, selecting the months of June, July and August 2018.Of the two thousand and seventy-four contracts released, of which one thousand and fifty-five were from post 1, five hundred and forty-four from post 2 four hundred and seventy-five from post 3 in those periods, fifty-four cases were selected for the audit, eighteen contracts from each post, six cases per month audited, of those six cases, three contracts from legal entities and three from natural persons.Seven cases of advance receivables were selected, which corresponds to 12.96% of the total audited.The advance receivable is a credit line that enables the borrower to receive in advance the amounts of checks, promissory notes and trade notes.Also selected were two cases of anticipation of thirteenth salary which corresponds to 3.70% of the total audited.The 13th salary advance credit line constitutes a credit operation where the borrower takes the loan in order to advance his annual bonus, usually due on the date of receipt of the 13th salary by the company where he is employee.
We audited two contracts of the line of credit for retirees, it is a line intended to offer resources to the class of retired people, corresponding also to 3.70%.Ten cases of working capital were also selected, corresponding to 18.52% of the total audited.The working capital credit line aims to offer credit to companies in order to keep stable the development of their activities, is a solution so that the company does not suffer from liquidity problems in its finances.
In addition, nine contracts were selected for construction and renovation, corresponding to 16.67% of the total.The construction and renovation credit line can be earned by both natural and legal persons and is intended to provide resources for building development and renovation in general.Seven personal credit agreements were also audited, representing 12.96%.A An IT contract was audited representing 1.85%, the IT credit line provides the borrower with resources to purchase IT materials and equipment.Five contracts for machinery and equipment were selected, which corresponds to 9.26%, the line of credit for machines and equipment is intended both for the natural person and for the legal person to acquire machinery and equipment in general.Finally, eleven vehicle contracts were selected, representing 20.38%.
The vehicle credit line is also aimed at natural and legal persons, and offer resource for the acquisition of new, semi-new or used vehicles.
The operational audit in the definition of the rates of credit operations took place in three units of the institution for the months of June, July and August 2014, covering six transactions of each unit in each month that was audited, of these six cases, three are from individuals and three from legal entities in order to bring a better result of the audit work.It was estimated that the time taken to carry out the on-site audit work was eight hours for each call unit and was confirmed after its execution.
On the audit itself, it was verified that the simulations of the rates of credit operations are included in the transaction file, a document that is indispensable for proving the rate applied in each case, except in cases where the exceptional situation was proven with the appropriate authorizations.From the simulation, the criteria used for each simulation were also verified, that is, if there were supporting documents in each item necessary for corroboration.
In the risk classification criterion of the policyholder, the existence of a document proving the risk classification reported in the simulation of transaction fees was observed.
Already in the technical limit criterion was verified by means of the capital report of the policyholder is checked with the informed in the simulation of rates.The criterion of contracted solutions was also analyzed if it is in accordance with the information given in the simulation of rates, this criterion should also be proven with a document obtained by means of a report from the institution's system.
The informed guarantees were verified, if they are in line with what was reported in the fee simulation, the verification took place on the basis of documents proving the use of the guarantees offered.Finally, the transaction maturity criterion was verified, where it was verified whether the applied maturity matches the time period reported in the simulation of rates.
In parallel to the audit work, the internal controls of the institution regarding the definition of the rates of credit operations were analyzed, which is the basis for carrying out an audit work.Table 1 shows the findings of the 18 transactions audited in post 01

Result of the working papers Post 01
For borrowers 8 and 13 transactions the pricing is not applicable, it is an arrangement with resales of vehicles whose financing rates comply with the specific agreement and no analysis of the other criteria and simulation of rates is required.Concerning the borrower's contract 18 the simulation of fees does not apply because it was an exception, that is, it had the necessary authorizations for the credit operation to be contracted with differentiated rate.
Of the 18 transactions audited at position 01, only the transactions of borrowers 5, 7, 9 and 17 are in line with internal pricing rules, i.e. all data entered in the simulation of rates match the interest rate actually applied, corresponding only to 27,78% of the total.Of the total of eighteen samples, eleven of them showed some kind of irregularity, which represents a percentage of 61.11% of the total.
Irregularities were established on the basis of criteria defined according to internal rules and controls observed in the preparation of the applied audit program.In the criterion simulation versus rate applied, there was non-compliance in 33.33% of the cases, in the criterion risk report versus classification applied, there was non-compliance in 44.44% of the cases, being the criterion with the greatest irregularity.In the criterion capital report x technical limit applied, non-conformities were presented in 38.89% of the operations, in the criterion quantity of products and services versus solutions applied, there were non-conformities in 27.78% of the cases.In the criterion type of guarantee x guarantee applied, irregularities were found in 33.33% 15 of the transactions, the same percentage of non-conformities found in the criterion term informed x deadline applied.
It is recommended for post 01 to consider the risk criterion, as it was the criterion that showed the greatest irregularity between the operations leading to inconsistency in the applied rates.Greater attention is also directed towards the other criteria, since in all of them there were non-conformities, which generates a differentiation between the real rate and the applied rate.
It is also requested that the post observe and comply with its internal controls as it obtained a high index of non-conformities in the audited samples.In post 02, the same number of transactions were also audited, i.e. 18 contracts according to table 2.

Result of the working papers Post 02
Pricing is not applicable for the borrower's 11 operation, as it is a receivable discount where the original contract was signed prior to the current pricing system, thus exempting simulation of fees.Out of the eighteen transactions audited at position 02, the transactions of borrowers 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15,16 and 18 are in line with internal pricing rules, i.e. all data entered in the fee simulation match the interest rate actually applied, corresponding to 61,11% of the total.Of these eighteen, six of them had some kind of irregularity, representing a percentage of 33.33% of the total.Irregularities can also be established on the basis of criteria defined according to internal rules.In the criterion simulation versus rate applied, there was non-compliance in 11.11% of cases, in the criterion risk report versus classification applied, there was non-compliance in 22.22% of cases, being one of the criteria with the greatest irregularity.In the criterion capital report versus technical limit applied, non-conformities were presented in 11.11% of the transactions, in the criterion quantity of products and services versus solutions applied, there were non-conformities in 16.67% of the cases, same percentage found in the criterion warranty versus warranty applied.In the criterion reported versus applied deadline, non-conformities were found in 22.22% of the transactions, this along with the risk criterion versus the applied classification was the criterion of greatest non-compliance.It is recommended to post 02 greater control mainly in the risk and maturity criteria of the operations, since they were the ones that presented greater irregularities distorting in a way the interest rates that were applied.Finally, also post 03 was audited, also with 18 transactions as shown in Table 3.

Result of the working papers Post 03
Of the 18 transactions audited in post 03, the transactions of borrowers 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16 and  rules.In the criterion simulation versus rate applied, there was non-compliance in 11.11% of the cases, in the criterion risk report versus classification applied, there was non-compliance in 22.22% of the cases, being the criterion with the greatest irregularity.In the criterion capital report versus technical limit applied, non-conformities were reported in 5.55% of the transactions, that is, in only one contract, in the criterion quantity of products and services versus solutions applied, there were non-conformities in 11.11% of the cases.In the criterion type of guarantee x guarantee applied, non-conformities were found in 16.67% of the transactions, same percentage of irregularities found in the criterion of informed deadline x deadline applied.It is recommended to rank 03 greater control mainly on risk criteria, as it was the same that presented the greatest irregularity distorting in a way the interest rates that were applied.
Based on the survey made by performing the work papers, the analyzes of the posts audited were carried out as well as the relationship of the audited criteria between the posts buying them and identifying the most problematic items listing the consequences that could  As for legal entities, there is a discrepancy between the posts.Post 01 presented the highest percentage of operations indicated, in 66.67% of the contracts of legal entities was identified some irregularity.At post 02 the percentage of appointments was very low only in 22.22% of the operations had some type of appointment.In post 03 the percentage of irregularities was between post 01 and 02 with 44,44% of legal entity contracts.If an average was taken to verify generally in which of the classes there were more points, whether natural or legal persons, it can be concluded that on average there is a certain balance between the two classes.This is worrying, since the simulation of rates must be performed in full to apply the credit rate what did not occur in these contracts, this non-compliance in the application of the rates may have harmed or helped the borrower depending on each situation, even burden suffered by the financial institution, but the reverse of the borrower.
In the criterion risk report versus applied classification, numerous irregularities were found which generated the notes that added made this criterion present a higher percentage

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operations, and at post 03 the percentage was reduced only 5.55% of the operations had appointments in this criterion.
Looking at the criterion Quantity of Products and Services versus Applied Solutions, we have a percentage of 27.78% of operations pointed out, at post 02 the percentage of appointments was in 16.67% of contracts while post 03 was the one that registered the lowest index of appointments, irregularities were found in 11.11% of operations in this criterion.Even though the indices of points in this criterion are smaller, it is necessary to pay particular attention to these cases since the number of products and services that the borrowers actually had in the institution was improperly informed, for these contracts the rate was defined wrongly by these inconsistencies of information, between what had of products and services and what was actually reported in the simulation of rates.
In the criterion Type of Guarantee versus Applied Guarantee again the highest index of appointments was identified in rank 01, 33.33% of the operations showed some kind of irregularity in that post.At post 02, the index was reduced when compared with post 01, it was 16.67% of the contracts indicated in this criterion, the same percentage found in post 03.As with the other criteria, the erroneously reported guarantee in the simulation for setting the rates resulted in a different rate than the one that should actually be applied.Finally, we have the criterion of Informed Term versus Applied Term, in this criterion the percentage of appointments in post 01 was 33.33%, while post 02 presented an index of 22.22% of operations pointed out in this criterion, in post 03 the percentage of contracts pointed out was even lower 16.67%.
Inconsistencies in these transactions contributed to an unreal rate definition by considering that the Maturity Entered Criterion versus Maturity Applied as well as in the other criteria also had a specific weight in the definition of credit transaction rates.The rate definitions to be used are based on the criteria in Figure 03, this definition occurs by completing a tool where the corresponding data for each criterion where the rate is defined is entered by observing the weights assigned to each criterion and also the minimum and maximum rate range of each credit line.Audit has been expanding increasingly in all spheres of our society.There is a great concern to validate the work and activities carried out in the organizations so that they do not suffer losses in poorly executed works.
The study shows that the objectives have been achieved.The audit was applied in the credit operations where the interest rates used and their definition form were verified.For this to happen, the credits granted in the study period were drawn up, the audit program was proposed and the working papers were subsequently applied, finally the audit report was drawn up analyzing the results of the work, in parallel with the activities, the internal controls used by the financial institution were observed.It can be described that the study was somewhat challenging, since the methodology for defining rates is a new procedure at the institution and no work had yet been carried out in this aspect within it.
During the performance of the on-site work, difficulties were noticed in the posts audited with reference to the subject of setting fees, in non-standard interviews with the managers of the posts it can be identified that the greatest difficulty is monitoring the flow, where it was reported that sometimes the process of setting fees is at the pleasure of the person who carries it out.
It has been shown that internal controls on the definition of credit transaction rates with this new pricing methodology are weak and need improvement.The institution is suggested to develop control techniques that can qualify the process, since the greatest deficiency lies in the flows and not in the new methodology implanted.
Based on this study and within the current scenario where the audit is increasingly gaining strength in our environment, it can be concluded that the work developed with its presented results could rather subsidize the management collaborating with the decision making of the executives of the financial institution in question.
at the time of the execution of an audit program, the standards still come to ensure quality audit work, they have a conceptual structure.This conceptual structure does not set out any specific rules or requirements relating to procedures for carrying out assurance work.The NBC TA, Operational Audit in Defining Credit Operation Rates ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.7 | p.1-22 | e08383 | 2024.10 NBC TR and NBC TO contain basic principles, essential procedures and respective guidance, consistent with the concepts of this Conceptual Framework, for the execution of security works (CFC, 2013).In December 1993, the Federal Accounting Council published Resolution No. 751 and it brought the Brazilian Accounting Standards, which bring technical aspects to be observed when carrying out the audit work.Standards are divided into: professional standards and technical standards.The professional standards that in the general segment (NBCPG) bring rules of exercise of the profession, the techniques in the general scope (NBC-TG) establish rules applied to accounting.The Professional Standards establish rules of professional exercise and are classified in: NBC PG -General; NBC PA -Independent Auditor; NBC PI -Internal Auditor; NBC PP -Expert.The Technical Standards establish doctrinal concepts, rules and procedures applied to Accounting and are classified in: NBC TG -General; Complete Standards; Simplified Standards for SMEs; Specific Standards; NBC TSP -Public Sector; NBC TA -Independent Audit of Historical Accounting Information; NBC TR -Historical Accounting Information Review; NBC TO -Non-Historical Information Assurance; NBC TSC -Correlation Service; NBC IT -Internal Audit; NBC TP -Expertise.(Brazilian Accounting Standards, (CFC, 2013).The Standards have been renumbered according to CFC Resolution No. 1,329/11, to adjust the new structure of the Brazilian Accounting Standards (NBCs) in the form approved by CFC Resolution No. 1.328/11 Standards whose numbering still complies with CFC Resolution No. 751/93 (NBC P or NBC T), will be revised and reissued adopting the new numbering structure of NBCs.

Operational
Audit in Defining Credit Operation Rates ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.7 | p.1-22 | e08383 | 2024.13 personal credit line is one intended to provide resources exclusively to individuals without a specific purpose.

Figure 1
Figure 1General indexes of appointments per Post.

Figure 01 Figure 02
Figure01shows the percentage of points per post in macro form.In post 01 stands out negatively with a percentage of 61,11% of points.The post 02 presents a reduced percentage of points compared to the others, 33.33% of cases pointed out.On the other hand, post 03 presented a percentage of 38.88% of notes, being the intermediate post.
17 are in line with internal pricing rules, i.e. all data entered in the fee simulation match the interest rate actually applied, corresponding to 61,11% of the total.Of this total, six of them had some kind of irregularity, representing a percentage of 38.88% of the total.Irregularities can also be established on the basis of criteria defined according to internal index of notes among all criteria.Post 01 presented 44.44% of the samples with notes in this criterion, while in post 02, 22.22% of the operations were pointed out, even percentages of notes in post 03.Such notes must be taken into account, since in those contracts the fact that it is considered a different level of risk from reality contributed to the application of a lower interest rate, thus damaging the financial institution and unduly benefiting borrowers.In the criterion Capital Report versus Technical Limit Applied, there was a marked difference between the percentages of operations pointed out between the posts.At post 01, 38.89% of the samples were pointed out in this criterion, at post 02 there were appointments in 11.11% of the Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.7 | p.1-22 | e08383 | 2024.