GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze whether efficient and effective government management promotes sustainable economic growth and innovation. It seeks to understand how the income generated through GDP per capita is related to the effectiveness and efficiency with which the government of the State of Nayarit performs. Theoretical Framework : Effective and efficient government management, which uses innovative technologies to improve public administration, is the basis of the research. The relevance of economic diversification for resilience to external events is highlighted, based on the endogenous growth theory, which emphasizes the role of innovation and human capital in economic development. Transparency and citizen participation, which are fundamental for a modern and effective government, are promoted by open government innovation. Method: A non-experimental research of quantitative type was established, in which information was collected on the study variables (Hernández et al., 2014). Subsequently, a correlational type of research was conducted, considering four socioeconomic development indicators of the Mexican Institute for Competitiveness A.C. The research was conducted in Nayarit, Mexico, considering the periods from 2021 to 2023. Subsequently, Spearman's Rho correlation was performed because the Shapiro-Wilk normality test did not meet the normality assumption. Results and Discussion: The findings reveal important relationships and implications in the theory of efficient and effective government administration; first, it shows that improvements in tax collection efficiency are directly related to economic growth and diversification in Nayarit, Mexico. On the other hand, economic growth is driven by internal factors such as investment in human capital and innovation, further suggesting that greater economic complexity can lead to lower own revenues and ultimately to a lack of technological infrastructure or adequate public policies. Implications of the research: The practical and theoretical implications of this study highlight the importance of efficient and strategic government management, the need for economic diversification policies, and the re-evaluation of economic theory in specific contexts. The differences and limitations observed suggest areas for future research and improvements in data collection. Originality/Value: The present research contributes to the line of public administration and economic development, since the results found motivate the generation of sustainable growth and economic diversification policies. The above, adds to the content on state level income and GDP, in this particular case to the state of Nayarit, Mexico.


INTRODUCTION
During the annual World Economic Forum Institutional Forums (2022), where work was carried out to recognize investment, innovation, policymaking and finance as elements to drive a new model of economic growth; it was emphasized that "the lack of efficiency and effectiveness in public administration results in low attraction of investments, insufficient economic growth and limited technological development".It is essential to recognize and overcome obstacles in government administration, as well as to establish plans that promote innovation and sustainable economic progress in the territory.
On the other hand, Grazzi and Sasso (2020), mention the importance of incorporating sustainability principles and circular economy and with it, get out of their current models of economies.In Latin America, scientists, technologists and entrepreneurs have started mobilizing to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the circular economy, designing and implementing innovative and green solutions.The circular economy is also central to making them less vulnerable to the risks associated with the global value chain system, in terms of price fluctuations and availability of some basic inputs.
Efficient and effective government management is a fundamental pillar for the development of any nation, where they are increasingly interconnected and competitive, the capacity that can generate government to manage resources and carry out the design of public policies, which seek to promote social and economic well-being becomes crucial.Efficiency in government management implies not only the correct use of available resources, but also the implementation of practices and procedures that optimize public administration.Effectiveness, on the other hand, refers to the government's ability to achieve the proposed objectives effectively and within the established deadlines, which is indispensable to build trust between citizens and investors.
Sustainable economic growth is another overriding objective that must be fostered by government management in Mexico.This type of growth is not only focused on increasing gross domestic product (GDP), but also on doing so in a way that is environmentally responsible and socially inclusive.Government policies should therefore be geared toward promoting economic sustainability by supporting key sectors, investing in green infrastructure, and implementing regulations that protect the environment.In addition, it is essential that economic growth benefits all sectors of society, reducing inequalities and improving the quality of life of the population.A state's ability to innovate depends not only on investment in research and development, but also on creating an enabling environment for creativity and collaboration between the public, private, and academic sectors (IEE., 2023).A government that fosters innovation can boost the state's competitiveness in the global market, create high-quality jobs, and improve public services.Public policies therefore need to include incentives for innovation, such as subsidies, tax credits, and training and training programs.
In the development of the Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2023, presented in Mexico City by ECLAC (ECLAC, 2023), the corresponding points are made for the low growth of economic activity in 2023, with a regional average GDP growth of 1.7%.
Meanwhile, a slight decline in the growth rate is projected for 2024, leading to an increase of 1.5% in regional gross domestic product (Latin America and the Caribbean).With para-Mexico projecting a GDP of 2.9% and the 2024 projection of 1.8%, presenting a considerable decrease (ECLAC, 2023).
Maintaining low economic growth in Mexico in 2024, at 2.1%, with GDP and world trade growth well below historical averages.At the same time, the small fiscal policy space will be maintained at the domestic level, although the reduction in inflation in the region opens more room for monetary policy at the country level.This low growth also responds to the limited domestic fiscal and monetary policy space faced by countries in the region.In this sense, it is emphasized that public debt levels are still high, coupled with the increase in the cost of financing, restricts fiscal space.On the monetary side, inflation continues to fall in the region, but monetary policy remains tightly biased, owing to the effects that lower rates could have on capital flows and the exchange rate, given that high interest rates remain in place in developed countries.
Mexico's economy is in a recovery phase following the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and other global economic challenges.Inflation has been a persistent issue (Banco de México, 2024), with the Banco de México adjusting interest rates to control it, while the government has implemented various measures to stimulate growth and reduce the fiscal deficit; in addition to combating structural challenges in key sectors such as employment and foreign investment.Within the country, indicators such as economic inequality and labor informality remain significant challenges.The government has sought to boost social programs to support the most vulnerable communities and has focused its efforts on developing infrastructure and renewable energy to diversify the economy.However, private investment is affected by perceived insecurity and regulatory uncertainty in some sectors.Although there are signs of recovery and growth, Mexico faces structural challenges that require sustained attention to achieve inclusive and sustainable economic development.
In particular, the economy of Nayarit faces various challenges and opportunities, being known for its agriculture, fisheries and tourism, has seen fluctuations in these sectors due to climate factors and changes in demand.According to the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI, 2024), agriculture remains an important pillar, tourism, another vital sector, has shown signs of post-pandemic recovery, with an increase in the arrival of national and international visitors attracted by the beaches and the cultural richness of the state.
However, tourism infrastructure still requires significant improvements to sustain and increase this growth.Overall, Nayarit's economy in 2024 reflects a mix of challenges and potentials, with government and private efforts aimed at strengthening and diversifying its core economic sectors.
In the present work, an analysis of the public policies that have been applied in the State of Nayarit in the years 2021 to 2024 in terms of the management of the public administration will be carried out, where it is expected that both effective and efficient management will be achieved, which allows the economic activity of the same, which presents a sustained growth, but above all that is given in an innovative way.That is why this paper seeks to respond to the relationship between the income generated by GDP per capita against the effectiveness and efficiency with which the government of the State of Nayarit is developed, referring to the generation of own income of the state.Making a cross and comparative on the elements of economic complexity and the impact that these may have on innovation in the different economic sectors.
Therefore, it is also of vital importance that a timely review is made on the economic diversification that has occurred in the State of Nayarit in the last three years and what is the relationship that this can keep with the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes of state government.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
In any region, government management is essential for sustainable economic progress and innovation.It is essential to understand how government policies and strategies can drive innovation and foster sustainable economic growth, through effective and efficient administration, supported by the technologies applied to generate new public policies that allow state governance to be generated.

2.1GOBIERNO EFFICIENT
According to the Theory of Efficient Public Administration (Alvarado Pechir, 2019) , reference is made to focus on the optimization of the resources that are managed, in addition to the implementation mechanics of the different innovative technologies, with the objective of continuous improvement in government management.
It is therefore through the use of different technological tools and intelligent solutions for government, which has facilitated decision-making and resource management (Caravaca & Daniel, 2023), which would already talk about the modernization of governments Efficiency in government refers to the ability to manage resources (money, time, staff, etc.) in a way that minimizes waste and maximizes results.(Government of Sonora, 2019) An efficient government can be considered as one where the resources available are used optimally in order to obtain better results.Generating agile procedures, and systems that allow rapid decision-making and implementation of public policies, and that in turn allow the reduction of unnecessary bureaucracies.(IMEF Magazine, 2024).
Effectiveness in government refers to the ability to achieve established goals and targets, meeting the expectations and needs of the population.An effective government is that it achieves the objectives proposed in its plans and work programs, where a positive impact is achieved through the generation of changes and significant improvements in society, which results in the satisfaction of the citizen by giving an adequate response to the needs and demands of these.In addition to carrying out all these processes with a clear accountability and transparency process, where the use of resources is reported in a timely and truthful manner, accounting for all actions and results obtained.
Transparency and accountability are crucial components in municipal public management, in a context where corruption and lack of transparency (Rodríguez, 2020).The implementation of a series of tools such as open government and citizen participation, means that they are on track to strengthen the legitimacy of local authorities and improve the quality of public services they offer to citizens.

EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE
A government must comply with a strategic planning that allows it to develop clear and well-structured plans and strategies in order to achieve the objectives set, establishing processes and procedures for evaluation and monitoring, through periodic reviews of their programs and policies that allow those responsible to measure their effectiveness and efficiency (IMCO, 2024).
Economic growth theory seeks to explain how and why a country's economy grows over time.On the one hand, within the Theory of Endogenous Growth, Paul Romer and Robert Lucas: (Rodríguez Arana, 2017) They propose that economic growth is the result of factors internal to the economic system, such as investment in human capital, innovation and knowledge.Government policies and institutions play a crucial role in fostering growth.Where GDP is a measure of the monetary value of all goods and services produced in a country during a specific period.An efficient and effective government can positively influence GDP by creating an enabling environment for innovation and economic diversification.In addition, citizen participation in decision-making must be presented to allow the involvement in the monitoring processes of the corresponding public management.Therefore, it is of vital importance the interinstitutional collaboration and the different sectors involved in these so that 8 the efforts are coordinated, impact on society and with optimal results.In short, an efficient and effective government is one that not only uses its resources optimally, but also manages to meet its objectives and meet the needs of the population, generating a positive and lasting impact on society.For which it could be said that the effectiveness and efficiency of governments can be measured in the way in which they are able to influence in a positive way the competitiveness of their municipality.For this it is necessary to generate a series of public policies which promote economic development; through actions such as promoting economic development, and the formality of the economy.

INNOVATION OF SECTORS
Chen (2019) defines government innovation as "the development and implementation of a new idea by a public institution to create or improve public value within an ecosystem", something that differentiates them from private organizations.
The role of innovation within the State is an issue that is becoming increasingly relevant in public agendas.Fostering the experimental mentality in the public servant in a context of permanent emergencies is a great challenge.For this reason, the Development Planning Network of Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, 2023).Daglio proposes a working structure to help organize conceptually and classify interrelated ideas and concepts along two dimensions: the level of analysis and the thematic element.(Lujan Monja, 2024).It can be highlighted that government innovation governments are very dynamic spaces, in which it is sought to promote creativity for the design of new public policy solutions, through collaborative approaches to problems.(Acevedo & Dassen., 2016).Public Innovation Labs are giving to the formulation of public policies and programs a large amount of credit to creativity and experimentation, bringing together the different actors to explore solutions to complex problems, as well as contributing to design and new approaches and solutions.They were conceived as "islands of experimentation" where creative methods are used to "change the way government works," including all stakeholders in the process.(Zurbriggen & González Lago, 2019) The efforts made by the United States government, launching the Data.govplatform, to improve public access to data generated by government agencies can also be mentioned.Its purpose is to promote transparency, facilitate research, encourage innovation and assist in informed decision-making.It can be used by citizens, researchers, developers and businesses.
Finding data on a variety of topics (health, environment, education, energy, trade, among others).This data is available in formats that allow for easy use and reuse.Through this platform, a number of resources and tools are offered to help users explore, visualize and use data effectively.
Innovation and technological development are fundamental for economic growth and improving the quality of life in a region (Suárez, 2004).An economy's ability to generate added value through innovation is reflected in its ability to create products, services, and technologies that meet new needs and improve productive efficiency.In the context of Nayarit, it is crucial to understand how these processes can be driven to strengthen the regional economy and improve the living conditions of its inhabitants.
The concept of innovation is defined as the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), process, marketing method or organizational method (OECD, 2015).In the case of Nayarit, assessing innovation capacity involves analyzing the presence of technological infrastructure, the availability of trained human capital, and the Measuring the added value generated by innovation and technological development can be done through various indicators.These include spending on innovation and development, as a percentage of GDP, the number of patents registered, employment in high-tech sectors, productivity, and exports of high-tech products (Velázquez Valadez & Salgado, 2016).These indicators provide a quantitative view of the economy's ability to generate added value and improve regional competitiveness.
In the specific case of Nayarit, it is relevant to analyze the regulatory environment and public policies that support innovation.An enabling environment that includes tax incentives, intellectual property protection, and support programs for tech entrepreneurs can significantly boost the region's innovative capacity (Porter, 2001).In addition, collaborative networks between government, universities and the private sector can enhance efforts in innovation and technological development.
In summary, we can affirm that in order to carry out the evaluation of the capacity of the economy of the state of Nayarit to generate added value through innovation and technological development requires a multidimensional approach.This approach must consider infrastructure, human capital, financing, the regulatory environment, and collaborative networks.By analyzing these factors, it is possible to identify the strengths and areas of improvement that allow Nayarit to build a more innovative and technologically advanced future, thus improving the quality of life of its inhabitants (Freeman, 1978) 2.5 ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION Economic Diversification Theory states that countries can reduce their vulnerability to economic shocks and improve their long-term economic growth by diversifying their economic structures.This implies a transition from a dependence on a few exports or economic sectors to a more diverse economy with multiple sources of income.argues that diversified economies are more resilient to external shocks, such as price fluctuations in the international market, natural disasters or political changes.Diversification is also associated with improving productivity, innovation and developing new skills and technologies within a country (Imbs & Wacziarg, 2003).With the benefits of generating economic stability, by not relying on a single sector, diversified economies can better cushion the negative impacts of external shocks; in addition to sustainable growth The elimination of obsolete technologies and the adoption of new technologies, as mentioned in the "PortfolioStat" initiative, is an example of how this economic diversification can be achieved by being a crucial tool for the effective management of technological resources in the federal government, contributing to a more efficient and transparent public administration (U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2022) Assessing the structure and economic health of a state is essential for sustainable development and improving the quality of life of its inhabitants.Among the key components that must be considered to carry out such an assessment: economic indicators, which are fundamental tools to measure the economic health of a State.According to the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI, 2012), key indicators include Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the employment and unemployment rate, inflation, and per capita income levels.These indicators allow governments to identify areas for improvement and assess the impact of economic policies implemented.And, on the other hand, efficient fiscal management and effective public policies are pillars for municipal economic stability.(De la Torre Sifuentes, 2020) highlights that transparent and accountable administration of public resources, as well as appropriate fiscal policies, can improve revenue collection and resource allocation.Public policies should focus on inclusive economic development, infrastructure, and investment in education and health to promote sustainable growth.

METHOD
It was established as a non-experimental research of quantitative type, in which information is collected on the study variables (Hernández ed al., 2014), subsequently a correlational research was carried out, in which a model is used to analyze how independent and dependent variables relate to each other.Therefore, the present investigation was conducted in Nayarit, Mexico, considering the periods from 2021 to 2023.
The above mentioned, the study variables were defined: • Model dependent variable: the indicator of percentage of own income was used as an efficient and effective government of Nayarit published by IMCO.
• Independent variables: where the first indicator was GDP per capita; the second indicator was economic complexity in innovation sectors [CESI] and the last indicator was economic diversification [DE] of the mentioned period, being key aspects of socioeconomic development.
Thus, the results obtained from the aforementioned indicators in the period from 2021 to 2023 are shown.

3.1GOBIERNO EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE
For the dependent variable, efficient and effective government is understood as the percentage of own revenue collected by the state of Nayarit, that is, the proportion of revenue that a local government generates.As a result, it has increased from 5% to 8% from 2021 to 2023, as shown in Figure 1.The results obtained by the model in table 2 reveal the following: The equity variable has a perfect positive correlation with the GDP per capita and SD variable.In other words, a proportional increase in government revenues is directly reflected in an increase in GDP per capita.Whereas with the CESI variable, there is a near-perfect negative relationship, indicating that own income tends to decline as economic complexity in these sectors increases.
The GDP per capita variable is shown as a fundamental indicator in the analysis of efficient and effective government management in Nayarit, Mexico.This variable maintains a perfect positive relationship with the equity and equity variables, implying that the region's economic diversification and the government's equity are directly affected by any change in GDP per capita.
Finally, the CESI variable has no significant relationship with the variables own income, GDP per capita and SD.In the context of Nayarit, Mexico, no relationship is observed between CESI in innovation sectors and these variables.

DISCUSSION
The results revealed significant patterns on economic and administrative dynamics in Nayarit: The relationship between own income and GDP per capita, indicates that the income level of the Nayarit increases, so do the state's own income, that is, individual economic growth translates into higher income for the entity.
Likewise, the relationship of own income with economic diversification indicates a diversified economic base that strengthens the income of the government of Nayarit.
On the other hand, the relationship of own income with the Economic Complexity in Innovation Sectors, having a negative relationship, mentions a complexity in the innovation sectors with respect to the generation of local tax revenues.16 Based on the above and in order to improve the economy of the state of Nayarit, it is important to promote policies that promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, considering increasing income per person and promoting economic diversification.Therefore, strategies to balance the promotion of innovative sectors should be encouraged, in order to maintain a diverse and stable economic base, with fiscal policies that improve Nayarit's own income.

CONCLUSION
It is of vital importance that through a holistic approach in public development policies, analyzes are carried out on the interrelationship between the efficiency and effectiveness of a government, which has been the behavior of GDP, the progress in innovation processes and economic diversity.Under the review of the theoretical framework on which the research work was carried out, a solid base is provided that allows understanding how these indicators complement and reinforce each other.The processes of modernization and adoption of new technologies within government organizations emerge as key catalysts through which the promotion of sustainable and diversified economic growth is sought.It is therefore essential in this regard that current government initiatives are focused on strengthening all areas involved in public administration in order to achieve comprehensive and lasting development.
Ensuring efficient and effective government management is critical for sustainable development and innovation in Mexico.One of the most important roles within the public administration should be to optimize resources and achieve the objectives set by development plans, in a transparent and effective manner.Efficiency in public management results not only in improved public confidence in their institutions, but also in the promotion of an environment conducive to economic growth.For its part, effectiveness aims to ensure that the policies that are implemented meet their raison d'être, generating results for which they were formulated, thereby contributing to a Making sustainable economic growth a central objective of government policies, it is therefore necessary that economic development be inclusive and environmentally responsible.
For this it is necessary to generate conditions such as: an increase in GDP, but also, an equitable distribution of economic benefits to society and a responsible management of the natural resources of the state.Public policies that seek to promote economic sustainability must consider not only the present, it is urgent that they contemplate the future, thus ensuring that new generations can enjoy a prosperous and healthy environment.
Innovation processes in public management are essential to maintain competitiveness and improve the quality of life of the population.When governance is conducted in tandem with innovative processes, it will enable economies to adapt to global changes and face emerging challenges.Therefore, it is necessary to move from discourse to practice, in the innovation processes of priority on the part of the rulers and the entire public apparatus, supporting both research and development and the implementation of new technologies.This not only boosts productivity and efficiency, but will in itself create new employment opportunities and improve the overall well-being of society.
Finally, government management that prioritizes efficiency, effectiveness, sustainable growth, and innovation is crucial to the economic and social development of states like Nayarit; by focusing on these aspects, the government will have the conditions to ensure lasting and equitable progress.Comprehensive, well-structured, and better-implemented public policies have the potential to transform the region's economic structure, thereby promoting greater diversity and resilience.
On the other hand, the theory of open government innovation is based on the application of the principles of open innovation to the public sector.This theory suggests that governments can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their services by collaborating with citizens, businesses, and others.According to Hilgers, open government innovation is characterized by transparency, public participation, and intersectoral collaboration.By adopting an open innovation approach, governments can leverage the knowledge and creativity of a wide range of external actors to co-create solutions to complex public problems (Hilgers, 2010).According to Villodre (2019), open public innovation includes the use of innovation labs and digital communities to facilitate collaboration and experimentation in controlled environments before implementing solutions on a larger scale.A report by the OECD Observatory for Public Sector Innovation highlights how Government Management for Sustainable Economic Development and Innovation ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.7 | p.1-19 | e08362 | 2024.9 governments are taking steps to integrate innovation as a routine practice.This approach allows governments to be more effective and make better decisions by leveraging new technologies and methodologies to make visible what was previously invisible and open doors to citizen participation and new economic opportunities (OECD, 2019).Open innovation in the public sector also involves creating frameworks that allow public officials to play roles as designers and dreamers, promoting an environment where experimentation and continuous feedback are essential for the development of effective solutions (IDB, 2019).
. 5 are the fundamental challenges of Public Innovation Laboratories: incorporating external visions into government agencies, forming internal and external networks of an organization, supporting leadership, budget flexibility and human capital and finally managing risk.(S. & Dassen., 2016): ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.7 | p.1-19 | e08362 | 2024.10 existence of public policies that encourage research and development.

Figure 1 Figure 2
Figure 1Efficient and effective governance Figure 1 CESI

Figure 4 Economic
Figure 4 Economic Diversification 2021 to 2023