THE INFLUENCE RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL CAPITAL, ECO-INNOVATION, AND OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN TRADITIONAL ACTIVITIES IN THE AMAZON

Objective: The objective of this article was to analyze the influence relationship of Social Capital and Eco-innovation in the Operational Process of traditional activities in the context of the Brazilian Amazon. Theoretical Framework: There is a certain scarcity in the literature of approaches to this relationship between the constructs in the Brazilian Amazon region, which motivated this study. Method: For this, exploratory research of a quantitative nature was used as a methodological path, with the field research technique of applying questionnaires to social subjects who perform traditional activities in the Ilha do Marajó/PA region, in the municipality of Soure and four other surrounding cities. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results and Discussion: It was evidenced that Social Capital influences Eco-innovation by uniting social norms and obligations in trust networks with cooperation, through the sum of efforts that assist in the local development of small businesses. Additionally, Eco-innovation actions influence the operational results of the surveyed actors. The findings indicate that Social Capital directly affects Eco-innovation, Eco-innovation directly affects the Operational Process, and Social Capital indirectly influences the Operational Process through Eco-innovation. Research Implications: The findings suggest that strengthening Social Capital can be an effective strategy to promote Eco-innovation and, consequently, improve the Operational Processes of traditional activities in the Brazilian Amazon. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by addressing the relationship between Social Capital and Eco-innovation in the specific context of the Brazilian Amazon, an area that has been little explored previously.


INTRODUCTION
The transformations in the mode of production observed throughout world economic history have caused profound changes in the relationship between man and the environment (COLOMBO, et al., 2021), and this has partly motivated organizations to adopt strategies that reconcile the preservation of the environment and its sustained performance.
Environmental problems related to the Amazon have led to debates in academia about environmental preservation and sustainable development in the region.However, there is a scarcity of scientific publications that relate the constructs researched here in the Amazon region, especially at the national level.Veloso C. et. al (2021) prove this gap by carrying out a systematic review of the literature on the relationship between Environmental Strategies and Eco-innovation in the region.Thus, by bringing Social Capital into this discussion in the context of regional development (CORREA, 2003), it becomes a contribution in the academic scientific context and in the knowledge of local realities and support of their enterprises.
According to Vidal (2004), Social Capital helps to increase the abilities of individuals to cooperate with each other and strengthen their organizations, in addition to providing a greater level of trust in times of crisis (LINS; SERVAES; TAMAYO, 2017), Given this, the development of Social Capital in the Amazon region becomes even more relevant, when considering its importance at a global level, since "both cooperation and competition are oriented behaviors" (CORREA, 2003, p. 35) , in this way, it is possible to replace the culture of deforestation with the culture (of preservation) of the forest (FERNANDES; GUERRA, 2006).In this sense, Eco-innovation is a determinant for the development of organizational environments, and is perceived, in this research, as a necessary resource for the Amazon region, due to its biodiversity and its importance for mitigating climate change and global warming (AMAZONAS , 2009), in addition to adding the concept of "green company" to organizations, making them more competitive (ALOISE; MACKE, 2017;GARCÍA-SÁNCHEZ et al., 2020), taking advantage of the positive impact of motivations (intrinsic or extrinsic) of local workers to obtain sustainable innovation (DELMAS; PEKOVIC; 2018).When relating Eco-innovation with Social Capital there are benefits, such as the reduction of transaction costs (IPEA, 2020), as well as an improvement in the quality of life of traditional people and communities living in the Amazon (FERNANDES;GUERRA, 2006).
In this way, economic growth is an ally of sustainable development, with the use of renewable biological resources, innovative technologies and solutions, with low carbon emissions and in favor of the environment, guaranteeing the inclusion and social well-being of the Amazon population., in addition to improving the region's production processes, preserving its genetic heritage, knowledge and culture, highlighting the social relevance of the topic.
The research had as its central question: what is the relationship between Social Capital and Eco-innovation and what is its influence on the Operational Process?Therefore, the general objective was to analyze the relationship between Social Capital and Eco-innovation in the Operational Process of traditional activities in the Brazilian Amazon.It also had, as specific objectives: Identify variables of Social Capital present among the actors who develop traditional activities in the region of Ilha do Marajó/PA; Identify variables of innovative actions ( Ecoinnovations ) present among actors who develop traditional activities in the Ilha do Marajó/PA region; Define Performance proxy for the traditional activities developed by the actors that will serve as a sample of the Ilha do Marajó/PA region.

SHARE CAPITAL
Social Capital has been identified in the literature as an organizational resource that uses social interactions and involves sociological and economic elements, capable of contributing to the performance of organizations (MATIAS, 2017), a public good, generally belonging to the same community, in which the degree of trust between actors is an immeasurable factor, as well as commitment, which together constitute an intangible investment (SENAR, 2008).
Reys Jr et al . (2019) classify social capital as a commitment between members of a network of relationships, which is characterized by friendship, respect and gratitude, as well as privileged access to certain information shared between these connections.This thought was shared by Coleman, in the 1990s, where the author pointed out that actions in good faith with others strengthen collective actions and reduce actions of individualism, favoring reciprocity between connections and consequently, mutual cooperation, which generates a advantage that results in Social Capital (COLEMAN, 1990).
It is also worth mentioning Putnam (1993) who defines Social Capital as the elements of an organization based on three components: trust, social norms and obligations and social networks.Such elements improve the efficiency of economic activity by working on coordinated actions, which portray cooperation between individuals, radiating a spirit of mutual help, which when applied in the context of the Amazon, become economic variables that influence performance (MATIAS, 2017) .Thus, there is an advantage linked to regional development, through the exchange of experiences that can be in individual, organizational and societal dimensions (VASCO, 2008).
In this way, social relations, reliability and reciprocity are important instruments in the composition of the concept of Social Capital, which does not have a closed definition, not even in its measurement unit (TUNDUI; MACHA, 2014), highlighting its multidisciplinary characteristic , multidimensional and multifunctional.
However, its definitions and elements are important to understand aspects of interaction and development of cooperative actions, in small locations, in which the level of trust, geographic proximity, connection network and reciprocity favor business, as occurs in family farming, which in the context of the Amazon region can be used to improve the performance of traditional activities, which is the object of study in this research.Quedevez and Monte-mor (2018), show that the literature uses Social Capital as an element for overcoming obstacles, productivity gains, local development and well-being of rural producers, through elements such as: cooperation; social media; institutional trust; government trust; family and social trust; civics, religiosity, patriotism and citizenship; infrastructure, location, technology and innovation; cultural capital; environmental capital; women in the field; rural youth and family succession.Such points are characteristics of the community under study in this research, which uses traditional activities and the bioeconomy as sustenance and supply for the Ilha do Marajó region.This drives the need to achieve sustainable development in the region, given that demand is growing and natural resources are exhaustible.In this sense, Duque (2013) points to Social Capital as a necessary and essential resource for sustainable development, considering that it promotes interaction between people, structures and institutions, based on mutual trust and cooperation, as well as civility and participation, so that for the development of less favored regions and communities to occur, it is necessary to develop their Social Capital and adopt environmental strategies, as well as innovative attitudes, demonstrating the link between the constructs under discussion in this study: Social Capital, Eco-innovation and Operational Process.
That said, it is noted that collective actions (Social Capital) enhance resource management and reduce the negative impacts of economic operations on the natural environment, and when associated with Eco-innovation , an increase in the capacity for innovation and protection of the natural environment at the same time, since there is cooperation between companies, pointing to a connection with their environmental strategies, which tends to generate a performance differential, due to the reduction of operational costs (MATIAS, 2017) in the territory where they are located.
In this context, and in the view of Barbieri (2003), innovation is a process that articulates the needs of society and the market with advances in knowledge, both scientific and technological, and that systematically captures interactions within organizations, creating a strong innovative capacity.Therefore, the relationship between the concepts of Social Capital and Eco-innovation in the organizational context is an important point of debate when seeking to adopt social, innovation and environmental issues immersed in the environment of companies (PINHO, 2004) located in the Amazon, as can be seen observe in the works of Ximenes (2008) and Vasco (2008) that point out that there is a relationship between Social Capital and innovation in local productive arrangements in the Amazon.
From this perspective, developing Social Capital becomes fundamental to the Ecoinnovation adoption process in the business environment of small local producers, since people's skills, competencies and experiences are incorporated into their productive capacity in economic activity and the development of new products and services, as they also use their intangible assets (STEWART, 1997) such as creativity, proactivity, knowledge and attitude.7 When analyzing the relationship between social capital and innovation empirically, Corsani (2003) points out that innovation is more noticeable in spaces called regional agglomerations, with production systems and local arrangements (type of locus of study in this research), than than in industrial activities with Fordist characteristics 7, given that creative production is more knowledge-intensive in places where the worker can contribute and combine their tacit and explicit knowledge.
Thus, we can see the reinforcement that Social Capital has to boost Eco-innovation , by explaining the social dynamics behind the economic processes of these agglomerations.In this way, when this innovation is based on the environment and the sustainable exploitation of natural resources, we have the combination of the concepts of ecology and innovation, which result in Eco-innovation (VAZ; LEZANA; MALDONADO, 2017), addressed in this research.
In this sense, Dias (2014) classifies Eco-innovation as a path to sustainable growth, in which the innovation process and environmental issues are combined, through ecological improvement (JACOMOSSI et al ., 2016).Therefore, when relating Social Capital with Ecoinnovation , it is observed that the exchange of experiences and action between groups structured for this purpose, facilitate, to a certain extent, the culture of innovation in the organizational environment, generating a competitive advantage, in a way that the more Social Capital is produced and accessed by the organization in its territory, the greater its capacity to innovate in ecological products and processes (VASCO, 2008) will be, obtaining better performances.
For these reasons, it is necessary to search for a sustainable competitive advantage that drives the organization towards its master strategy, through a unique combination of values (resources, processes, technologies, etc.), that make the imitation process difficult, leading them to be more integrative and cohesive in their sets of activities (PORTER, 1996) that lead to their growth and the preservation of nature simultaneously.
Thus, the concept of Sustainable Development is cited by Menezes (2019) as a balance between three pillars: the economy, society and the environment in order not to deplete the natural resources available for this and future generations.Pointing to a new paradigm, in which strategies related to environmental economics play a fundamental role in promoting 7 Model of rational organization of work and industrial production, defended by Henry Ford, in which he developed control principles and production processes that increased industrial production at the beginning of the 20th century focused on production methods (RIBEIRO, 2015).

ECO-INNOVATION
With the increasing concern of society and government for environmental issues and socio-environmental responsibility, Eco-innovation emerges as a new tool in favor of sustainable development (DIAS, 2014), since, according to Sarkar (2014) innovation is also related to new or improved management methods and business operational processes, which impact the economy and society and generate changes in business behavior.In this case, companies that develop new products or production methods, which impact the reduction of water and energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, among other ecological innovations, become more competitive (ALOISE; MACKE, 2017) and add the concept of "green company" to its image.
Eco-innovation according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) stands out as the creation and/or implementation of new products or services or significant improvements in procedures, methods, marketing strategies, or other arrangements institutions that result in environmental improvements (OECD, 2009).Therefore, research on river islands, located in the Amazon rainforest region, is an ideal locus for understanding the level at which such a definition comes to fruition.
In view of the above, the concern regarding the implementation of Eco-innovation arises immersed in the organizational context, and as a result of containing or minimizing damage to the environment.Whether due to consumer motivation for "green" products 8 with a technological bias (BERNARDES; ANDREASSI, 2007), or due to pressure from Brazilian legislation and even from foreign companies interested in establishing environmentally correct 8 Products that aim to reduce the environmental impact generated by consumption or that use recyclable material in their production., both at a business and social level, which provide for social subsidies and business tax incentives.
For these reasons, the benefits of adopting environmental strategies and ecological innovations are numerous, in view of the image and socio-environmental role of organizations and the maintenance of their natural resources through conservation/preservation of the environment, as it provides sustainable competitive advantage 9 to organizations due to the scarce, valuable, inimitable and irreplaceable resources (FREIRES et al ., 2009) present in the Amazon forest, of which the research unit of this study, the Ilha do Marajó region, is part.
Therefore, Eco-innovation becomes a key indicator for the development of environmental strategies (MARÍN-VINUES et al ., 2020), as in this way the set of natural resources, capital and production capacity and their functionalities would be under the control of the company that uses them as a source of competitive advantage (BARNEY; HESTERLY,

2011).
Eco-innovation is considered as an innovation strategy for the management process and also ecological at the same time and in a combined way, which aims to reduce the environmental impact of production processes, since, as García-Sánchez points out, et al .( 2020) Ecoinnovation is the use of new methods and technologies in a sustainable way that adds a competitive advantage to organizations.
In turn, Sarkar (2014) considers innovation to be something that is done new every day in everyday life, being linked to creativity and having positive economic impacts, that is, providing effectiveness for those who use it and, even change social and/or environmental through beneficial externalities.
When applied in the organizational and environmental context, there is compensation for damage caused to nature (through business production), so that means must be sought to produce without compromising the use of natural resources in the future, thus, the results of 9 Competitive advantage designed in a way that makes the imitation process (by competitors) difficult based on the integration of a set of activities and resources of a company (PORTER, 1996).Aloise and Macke (2017) point out that ecological innovations increase an organization's performance, help adapt to changes, reduce administrative and storage costs , favoring the implementation of ecologically correct processes, in the internal organizational environment (resources, capabilities and competencies) and external (regulation, political and organizational aspects).Such characteristics refer to the concept of Social Capital, so that cooperation and trust actions also impact the reduction of administrative and logistics costs, as already mentioned, especially in less favored regions that are difficult to access for cargo transportation, such as the case of the locus of this research.
Therefore, Eco-innovation must be considered in the companies' production process.
Thus, managers must prioritize the analysis of these factors that affect the results and direction of companies, so that the only financial (positive) evaluation (profitability) no longer covers the entire complexity of evaluating the performance of organizations (BOSCOLO; SBRAGIA , 2008).
Therefore, when analyzing performance, one must consider the entire scenario in which the organization operates, such as competition, the market and marketing trends.And this direction is aligned with what Silva, Amim and Nunes (2015) present in their correlation matrix between environmental preservation and environmental management with significant results in terms of sustainability of Amazon municipalities.
In this way, companies seek, in addition to their survival, a market differential, thus pointing to a competitive advantage through innovation, which is one of the most used processes for this (SILVEIRA; OLIVEIRA, 2013).Bessant and Tidd (2007), in turn, associate innovation with economic growth and that consequently affects performance.And when applying these innovations to the environment, there is Eco-innovation and its relationship with the Operational Process (performance), which is the object of this study.
In this way, the company's ability to anticipate environmental problems, as pointed out by Gössling (1999), generates continuous improvements in the companies' operational processes and the reduction of operational costs, through the differentiation strategy.Thus, when creating a product/service with an ecological label, this adds to the credibility perceived by the consumer market that opts for ecologically correct products (HANDELMAN, 1999) and a "green" concept.Therefore, when relating Eco-innovation considering innovation and environmental strategies, strategic drives are created 10 capable of contributing to better performance of the organization and at the same time to the preservation of the tropical forest and its biomes.

OPERATIONAL PROCESS
In view of the above, it is noted that innovation, through competitive differences and strategies, impacts the performance of companies.However, Brito, Brito and Morganti (2009), highlight that empirical evidence does not consistently demonstrate this relationship, despite it being extensively explored from a theoretical point of view, considering that the relationship between these concepts (innovation, competitive advantage and performance) has been studied by many authors in recent years (FERREIRA; MARQUES; BARBOSA, 2007).
They also state that "although it is the dependent variable frequently used in Administration, business performance is not a simple construct" (BRITO; BRITO; MORGANTI, 2009, p. 8), but rather multidimensional (GLICK; WASHBURN; MILLER, 2005) , which aims to measure business success and the achievement of objectives in a given period to present them to stakeholders (RICHARD et al ., 2009).
To facilitate its understanding and measurement, Venkatraman and Remanujan (1986) suggest dividing business performance into three dimensions: financial (in which accounting aspects will be analyzed), operational (which analyzes aspects of technology, innovation, quality and productivity ) and organizational effectiveness, this being the broadest dimension, which includes economic and social objectives, fruits of the company's relationship with society and its stakeholders.(COMBS; CROOK; SHOOK, 2005).And these characteristics must be considered when developing performance indices, integrating financial and non-financial 10 Definition given to variables that will be explored to measure a certain phenomenon (LEO; GAMARRA, 2020).
aspects that will provide a holistic analysis of the company (KAPLAN; NORTON, 2000), considering that Performance has different approaches and metrics that require other approaches theoretical approaches to explain it (RICHARD, et al , 2009).
These intangible (non-financial) aspects and not presented in the accounting reports, are measures that aim to evaluate the organization's performance, considering aspects such as competition, suppliers, brand value, human capital (GUTHRIE, 2001), as well as the constructs studied. in this research: Social Capital and Eco-innovation .
This view was proven by Moran ( 2005) who states that Social Capital positively influences the results of companies, as it presents this construct as a way of mobilizing and transferring knowledge, so that the community seeks good business performance.In other words, the more developed the Social Capital, the greater the Performance (MATIAS, 2017).

Burt (1992) is another author who suggests a connection between Social Capital and Business
Performance, which generates mutual advantage for the actors, demonstrating the relationship of influence that exists between the constructs.
This view refers to the relationship between Social Capital and Business Performance, which resulted in its application in the organizational context, both in the public and private sectors, considering that economic variables alone are not enough to build a social and sustainable environment.(MILANI, 2003), suggesting that companies have influence on local development, by articulating themselves in social networks.This view by Milani (2003) is shared by Sachs (2008), Elkington (2012) and Orsato (2012).
From the perspective of Stoeckicht and Soares (2010), it is proven that without Social Capital the innovation capacity of organizations is drastically reduced, as it drives cooperative behavior and tends to reduce the level of rework and operational costs.In this case, from the perspective of environmental preservation, we can highlight small Amazonian enterprises that adopt common environmental strategies ( Eco-innovation ), supporting the importance of adopting and developing Social Capital and Eco-innovation (through innovative environmental strategies) in the environment organizational (CHEN, 2012).Dias (2014) and Matias (2017) support this theory, considering Social Capital as a resource arising from social interactions that is capable of contributing to the performance of organizations.
In this panorama, it is important to emphasize the understanding of the multidimensional analysis of Performance.Kaplan and Norton (1997) defend a systemic, cause-and-effect measurement system, which they called the Balanced Scorecard (BCS) and which complements the financial dimension by analyzing its internal capabilities, which generate value for current and future customers.The BSC has non-financial focuses on customers, internal processes (in which Social Capital can be measured) and innovation/improvements (alluding to Eco-innovation , when applying it in the context of this research).
However, Brito and Oliveira (2016), when relating Performance with the concept of Human Resources Management, carried out a literature review that identified 26 (twenty-six) performance variables in the selected articles, being "innovation" and "profitability".the most cited, which highlights the scarcity of empirical studies relating the variables addressed in this research, even though they have great relevance for the organizational, social and environmental context.
In this research, Performance will be explained through the dimension of internal processes (organizational effectiveness), with regard to cost reduction, through the optimization of its relationship with its connection network (Social Capital), be it customers, suppliers and /or competition and the operational dimension with the analysis of innovative environmental strategies ( Eco-innovation ), adopted in the production process, in favor of the development and preservation of the community and which the organization is part of, in this case the Ilha do Marajó Region.
In view of the above, figure 1 demonstrates the relationship between the constructs and the authors who address the aforementioned themes, as a way of representing the most relevant and recent productions on the topic under study, as follows:

Figure 1
Relationship of constructs and authors

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The present study is characterized as exploratory in nature, which, according to Selltiz et al . (1965), consists of the search for new ideas about the researched phenomenon, increasing knowledge about the fact, in addition to creating problems and hypotheses (ZIKMUND, 2000).
Regarding the classification of the research, the quantitative approach was used, which is a method of collecting and processing data, in which statistical techniques are used (RICHARDSON, 1999), in addition to confirming hypotheses (MATTAR, 2001 ), the aim is to provide a response to the proposed problem, through statistical techniques with data measurement (MALHOTRA, 2001).
In view of the above, as a method of scientific research, we have the hypotheticaldeductive approach, which begins with the elaboration and description of the problem, followed by the observation phase until the formulation of hypotheses based on what was observed, which will be proven or not.by statistical tests (PRODANOV, 2013).This method was defined by Karl Popper, who according to Lakatos and Marconi (2007)  With regard to Eco-innovation , there is a set of actions developed in production processes that reflect on the protection or conservation of the environment, aiming at sustainability.
Business performance was analyzed in the dimension of internal processes (organizational effectiveness) and operational dimension in the development of traditional activities in the Marajoara region, related to Social Capital and Innovation, (BRITO; OLIVEIRA, 2016) in this case, that of an ecological nature ( Eco-innovation ).
As an independent variable, we have Social Capital (exogenous), which was worked on based on the variables trust, cooperation, compliance with standards and rules, the sense of belonging to the place where one lives and the engagement and commitment of organizations among themselves and with other private, public or third sector organizations.
Eco -innovation (endogenous) was explained through the technology variables used in eco-innovative operational processes , so that it was possible to identify the use of tools that minimize the impacts of marketing activity on the environment.
In turn, Performance was treated as a proxy , composed of the average turnover, profit and gross revenue coefficients, and other variables resulting from business activity.The average revenue and sales were analyzed against the costs and expenses of the operation.
These variables also supported the elaboration of research hypotheses that Rudio (1980) characterizes as an attempt to explain the unknown, through verifications to test their validity.
Therefore, it is a prior affirmation of knowledge in which proof is sought, through empirical verification.In the field of social sciences, hypotheses indicate the existence of relationships between variables (OLIVEIRA, 2011), according to the hypotheses that were raised in the research: h1 : Social Capital influences Eco-innovation ; h2 : Social Capital influences the Operational Process; and h3 : Eco-innovation influences the Operational Process.
To verify the statements proposed in the questionnaire, a pre-test was carried out at the research site, the region of Ilha do Marajó/PA, in the locations of Soure, Salvaterra, Água Boa, Joanes and Vila do Jubim , in which aspects were identified that required adjustments, mainly with regard to sociodemographic data (captured to define an operational process proxy ), due to the nature of the activity and the scarcity of accounting records, so that the data were obtained based on the reports of the interviewees .It is worth mentioning that the location has only maritime access and is located 139 km (one hundred and thirty-nine kilometers) from the capital.
on site in the archipelago was resumed , which lasted 04 (four) days and totaled 180 (one hundred and eighty) questionnaires applied at the research site, distributed in 05 (five) locations, 50 of which (fifty) questionnaires administered in Soure; 40 (forty) in Salvaterra; and 30 (thirty) in each of the locations (Joanes, Vila do Jubim and Água Boa).
Sampieri 's theory et al. (2006), this sample was characterized as non-probabilistic and for convenience.It is worth mentioning that there is no standard definition for the response rate per questionnaire, as explained by Bethlem (2009), therefore, return rates above 50% for probability samples and above 20% for non-probability samples were used as a reference. .
In validating the measurement scales of the data collection instrument, that is, when evaluating whether the questionnaire actually measures what is intended, the one advocated by Molina F. et al. (2009) which presents the requirements that must be met for the instrument to be able to satisfy the reliability and validity criteria, such as Cronbach 's Alpha , which must present a percentage equal to or greater than 70% (MARÔCO, 2014).Thus, in figure 2, the level of reliability of this research is demonstrated:

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To understand the dynamics of Social Capital and Eco-innovation in the context of the Amazon, an exploratory factor analysis was carried out on data collected from actors who perform traditional activities in the Ilha do Marajó/PA region.
Olkin (KMO) statistical assumptions and the Barllet sphericity test were also carried out In view of the above and considering the analysis of the collected data, it was observed that the Social Capital adopted and developed in the research locus presented a certain degree of variability, as evidenced in figure 5.Among the cities with the greatest development of Social Capital, the following stand out: Soure with 4.14, representing 24.29% and Joanes with 4.09, represented by 23.96%, respectively.These cities were the only ones that showed Social Capital development above the average of 3.41, among the cities surveyed.In turn, the city with the lowest adoption and development of Social Capital was V. do Jubim , with 2.32, representing 13.63%.

Figure 5
Average Social Capital and Eco-innovation by research locus.The results indicate that Social Capital drives the practice of Eco-innovations (h1) in traditional activities in the Amazon.This theory is defended, among others, by Chen (2014).It can also be analyzed that the failure to fully share information between subjects who develop traditional activities in the region of Ilha do Marajó/PA, may influence others not to develop Eco-innovation actions, demonstrating compliance with Granovetter 's (1985) approaches.and Matias (2017), considering that the connections are dyadic, proving hypothesis 1.
In such a way that maintaining fluid communication, as well as encouraging good coexistence between its community and surroundings, allows for a greater capacity for actors to actually be encouraged to carry out Eco-innovation actions in their Operational Process, contributing to the execution of action to protect environmental capital.
Regarding the influence of Social Capital and Eco-innovation of the Operational Process, it can be analyzed that the greater the development of Social Capital and ecoinnovation actions , the better the Operational Process of the researched subjects (h2 and h3).
This statement is defended by Zylbersztajn and Lins (2010) , who demonstrate that enterprises that adopt environmental strategies ( eco-innovations ) have positive impacts on their Operational Process (h3) and by Klassen and McLaughlin (1996) who demonstrate that actions in favor of the environment have a positive impact on company performance (operational process), confirming hypothesis 3 proposed in the research.
However, the evidence obtained did not indicate a direct influence of Social Capital on the Operational Process, thus, it is in line with the studies published by Nahapiet and Ghosal (1998) and Matias (2017) that Social Capital indirectly impacts the Operational Process of companies, through innovative environmental actions.Therefore, hypothesis 2 of this study was not confirmed.When analyzing the model, it is observed that the findings present measures that are appropriate to explain the proposed structural relationships (RMSEA=0.086;X2=57.220;CIF=0.959;PCIF=0.666).

CONCLUSION
It was observed that innovative practices ( eco-innovations ) impact on improving the quality of life of the population, considering that they help in the development of environmental sustainability, in the preservation of vegetation, the environment, ecosystems , in addition to directly impacting the production of food inputs at local level.And when relating this theme with Social Capital, there are the benefits of cooperation that are of great importance for producers in more remote and difficult-to-access regions, which are characteristic of the Brazilian Amazon region, thus determining the greatest or lower volume of adoption of Social Capital and EcoInnovation in the spaces researched.
It is important to highlight the limitation of the scientific framework that relates the theories of Social Capital with Eco-innovation , which can be a way for empirical research that takes into account the vision of collective action and strategic choice in the same field to be 22 successful in pointing out a a more balanced path for the use of natural resources by organizations that benefits them and at the same time benefits society and nature itself.
It is also concluded that environmental sustainability through more conscious and reflective management must be prioritized in relation to economic management and, thus, managers begin to be interactive in the search for solutions to their daily organizational problems, guided by standards , customs, legislation, sense of belonging to the place, cooperation, adopting political-strategic management for the use of natural resources in a balanced way.
As a limitation of this research, there is the difficult access to producers of traditional activities in the Amazon, the family characteristics of the organizations and the low level of understanding of the interviewees, which made it impossible to develop the qualitative part with greater depth and social reports that would further enrich this research.production.
When thinking about future research that has the Amazon as a context, there are some gaps that can still be the subject of investigation, such as the relationship between the constructs Social capital and Eco-innovation by location, evaluating the factors that interfere with their levels of performance and development in the spaces where they live.

The
Influence Relationship of Social Capital, Eco-Innovation, and Operational Performance in Traditional Activities in the Amazon ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.7 | p.1-27 | e08054 | 2024.8 sustainability (ALVES, 2013), which allows the approach of environmental strategy, in this study, as the adoption of Eco-innovation .However, there is a lack of empirical research that relates Social Capital to Environmental Strategy ( Eco-innovation ) jointly (MATIAS, 2017), mainly in the context of the Amazon, which leads to the need to relate them with other constructs and variables to measure their influence and analyze their results, mainly the positive ones (performance) and the environmental strategies that they are based on when aiming to preserve the environment (SACHS, 2008), such as Eco-innovation .
The Influence Relationship of Social Capital,Eco-Innovation, and Operational Performance in Traditional   Activities in the Amazon ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.7 | p.1-27 | e08054 | 2024.9 commercial relationships (SEHNEM; ROSSETTO, 2014 ), which is also applicable to the geopolitical issue of the Amazon (BECKER, 2005) due to the transnationality of movements in social networks and investments in rural areas present in the region.Aloise and Macke (2017) highlight the importance of knowledge and development of environmental public policies, as instruments to encourage and regulate Eco-innovation actions The Influence Relationship of Social Capital, Eco-Innovation, and Operational Performance in Traditional Activities in the Amazon ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.7 | p.1-27 | e08054 | 2024.10 operation will be positive for business and society, as pointed out by Sachs (2008) and Silva et al .(2018).

The
Influence Relationship of Social Capital, Eco-Innovation, and Operational Performance in Traditional Activities in the Amazon ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.7 | p.1-27 | e08054 | 2024.11 Thus, the symbiosis between environmental strategy and innovation is highlighted in what is called the Eco-innovation paradigm .Chen (2012), in the same way, states that environmental strategy affects business performance, in line with what Silva, Nunes and Amim (2015) point out as the main environmental problems in Amazon municipalities: basic sanitation, selective garbage collection and environmental degradation.So that the growth and development of the region is a driver of socio-environmental improvements and not just economic ones.
is used to eliminate errors, considering that it originates from the problem, which arises from existing gaps in the theoretical scope and which proposes a conjunction between a new idea and a new theory, based on the deduction of the hypotheses that will be tested.The study's collection instrument was a questionnaire prepared with affirmative questions, a 5-point Likert , which punctuates the frequency of events (rarely occuralways occur).The choice of 5 (five) points occurred given the neutrality resulting from odd scales and the level of reliability (DALMORO; VIEIRA, 2014).180 (one hundred and eighty) questionnaires were applied to workers in traditional activities, in the region of Ilha do Marajó-PA, in the municipality of Soure and surrounding cities (Salvaterra, Joanes, Água Boa and Vila do Jubim ), in order to obtain data for analysis.The locus of the research was the region of Ilha do Marajó, state of Pará, which is part of the Brazilian Amazon, formed by the confluence of the basins of the Amazon River and the Tocantins-Araguaia River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean and constitutes the largest fluvio-marine archipelago.(surrounded by river and sea) in the world (GONÇALVES et al ., 2016).The Executive Summary of the Government of Pará (2010), referring to the Marajó Complex , characterizes the region by the family management of micro and small businesses, with little professionalism, in which the owner is the sole administrator of the enterprise, counting on the support of his family in management, which suggests an administrative deficiency, added to centralized entrepreneurship, which does not encourage partnerships and invests little in technologies.With regard to natural attractions, the city has beaches, islands, lakes, rivers, boreholes and buffalo farms, showing great potential for ecotourism and the need for conservation of the region, which is an Environmental Preservation Area -APA and Extractive Marine Reserve -RESEX (PARATUR, 2010), created by Decree s/n, of November 22, 2001, with the objective of ensuring the sustainable use and conservation of renewable natural resources, protecting the livelihoods and culture of local extractive population.In this way, the research analyzed the traditional activities present in the archipelago of Ilha do Marajó/PA, mainly the cultivation of Açaí, Palm hearts, fish, seed collection, these being the main economic activities of riverside residents 11 , as well as the commercialization of Marajoara crafts.To develop the research, the concept of Social Capital defended by D´Araujo (2010) was used, which is related to the ability to cooperate and trust each other, based on the development of economic activities in places where interconnection occurs.with the environment in crowded spaces, and providing well-being to the community through business activities, thus leading to the economic growth of the individuals in connection.

Figure 2
Figure 2Reliability Statistics

Figure 3
Figure 3Type of Data Analysis and Statistical Analysis Technique used

Source:
Research data, 2023.In relation to Eco-innovation , four cities have rates of carrying out eco-innovative actions above the average, with emphasis on the cities of Joanes and Água Boa, which have significant rates of 4.88 (23.42%) and 4.95 (23.79%), respectively.The Influence Relationship of Social Capital, Eco-Innovation, and Operational Performance in Traditional Activities in the Amazon ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.7 | p.1-27 | e08054 | 2024.20 Based on the data collected, the theoretical model was verified using Structural Equation Modeling based on the hypotheses presented.In this way, the data obtained was compared with the theoretical framework to explain the effects of the relationship between the constructs of Social Capital and Eco-innovation in the Operational Process.

Figure 6 Structural
Figure 6 Structural Equation Modeling: The Relationship of Social Capital, Eco-Innovation and the Operational Process The Influence Relationship of Social Capital, Eco-Innovation, and Operational Performance in Traditional Activities in the Amazon ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.7 | p.1-27 | e08054 | 2024.