REVOLUTIONIZING MARITIME TRADE: UNVEILING THE INNOVATIVE SEA TOLL FRAMEWORK THROUGH ADVANCED LIVESTOCK FOLDING CONTAINER SHIP SCIENCE MAPPING

Objective: This study aims to trace the evolution of literature concerning sea tolls and livestock folding containers from 2014 to 2023, focusing on understanding research trends, sources, influential countries, author contributions, and major research areas. Method: Utilizing the Crossref database, the study collected 1000 relevant publications related to sea tolls and livestock folding containers. A science mapping approach, assisted by VOSviewers, was employed for analysis. Research Findings and Discussions: The analysis revealed several key findings. Firstly, it identified the emergence of sea tolls and livestock folding containers as significant research areas, indicating their growing importance. Secondly, the study identified dominant research topics and areas of interest, categorized into frequent, moderate, and rare levels. Additionally, it highlighted influential countries and sources contributing to the literature in this field. Furthermore, the study provided insights into author contributions and collaboration patterns, shedding light on the collaborative nature of research in this domain. Research Implications: This study provides a comprehensive roadmap of current research directions in the fields of sea tolls and livestock folding containers. The findings of this study can guide future research endeavors, facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration, and inform policy decisions aimed at enhancing maritime transportation and economic development. Originality/Value: The significance of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of literature related to sea tolls and livestock folding containers, spanning a decade from 2014 to 2023. By employing a science mapping approach, the study offers a systematic overview of research trends and contributions in this field.


INTRODUCTION
The implementation of Sea Toll presents opportunities to enhance and uplift the wellbeing of the Indonesian population, particularly those residing in underdeveloped, remote, outer, and border regions (Soedarno et al., 2020).President Joko Widodo introduced the maritime logistics transportation concept of Sea Toll.This initiative aims to connect vital ports throughout the archipelago, facilitating the smooth distribution of cargo to distant locations.
Additionally, it strives to establish uniform pricing for logistics across all regions of Indonesia.
Sea Toll is crafted to enhance both passenger and freight mobility, leading to more affordable transportation and logistics expenses and, ultimately, reduced prices.
Utilizing a fleet of high-capacity vessels, Sea Toll emerges as a significant alternative bridging land and sea transportation modes, rendering essential goods more affordable for communities situated between Java Island and its neighboring islands.The smooth operation of Sea Toll holds the potential to foster more equitable economic growth.Consequently, the pivotal role of maritime transportation in Indonesia becomes crucial as it catalyzes economic development in remote areas.
A Livestock Container typically refers to a structure or containment unit utilized for the transportation or temporary housing of animals like cattle, sheep, goats, or pigs.These containers are specifically engineered to ensure a safe and secure environment for the animals during transit or short-term storage.A folding container, on the other hand, is a type of container that can be collapsed or folded when empty, enhancing its space efficiency for storage or return shipping.Such containers find application in various industries for transporting goods and can be constructed from diverse materials like metal, plastic, or fabric.In the context of livestock, a "livestock folding container" is a portable and collapsible enclosure uniquely designed for transporting animals.It can be conveniently folded or disassembled when not in use, offering practicality for agricultural purposes where farmers or handlers need to move the enclosure to different locations.
Essentially, the development of a livestock folding container for transporting cattle between islands involves adopting the standard container design approved by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA).This established design has been utilized for shipping various animals, including cattle, camels, and horses.The distinctive feature of this foldable container is its resemblance to a portable pen, allowing easy loading onto a ship, lifting onto a container truck, and folding when not in use.This characteristic contributes to a more efficient use of storage space for containers (Subiyantoro & Achmadi, 2016).This research, spanning the years 2014 to 2023, seeks to address deficiencies in previous studies regarding sea tolls and livestock folding containers.Merely providing an intuitively crafted and presented body of scientific work is insufficient for mapping scientific boundaries and closing the existing gaps, necessitating the utilization of a science mapping approach in this study (Chen, 2013).
The objective of science mapping is to create a bibliometric map that illustrates the conceptual, cognitive, and social organization of particular disciplines, scientific domains, or research areas.Consequently, science mapping proves highly beneficial in comprehending the progression of literature in tandem with the development of the reviewed research (Cobo et al., 2011).In this study, science mapping was conducted utilizing VOSviewers software, and bibliometric data was collected through the Publish or Perish 8 tool using Crossref metadata.
The research inquiries will involve examinations and discourse on the development of literary publications.This encompasses aspects like publication quantity, sources and types of publications, citation counts, author contributions, research themes, and significant study areas related to the subject being investigated.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Maritime trade has been a cornerstone of global commerce for centuries, facilitating the exchange of goods and resources across vast distances (Rodrigue & Notteboom, 2012).
However, the traditional framework of maritime trade faces challenges such as inefficiencies in transportation, logistical complexities, and environmental concerns.This literature review explores the concept of revolutionizing maritime trade through the innovative Sea Toll Framework, which incorporates advanced technologies like Livestock Folding Container Ships (LFCS) and Science Mapping to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and profitability (Du et al., 2023;Adekoya et al., 2024).
The history of maritime trade dates back to ancient civilizations, but its modern form emerged during the Age of Exploration.Over the centuries, advancements in shipbuilding, navigation, and trade routes have transformed maritime trade into a global industry (Ojala & Tenold, 2017).However, traditional practices have become increasingly unsustainable and Mapping within the Sea Toll Framework, policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers can navigate the complexities of modern maritime trade with a holistic approach, promoting economic prosperity, environmental sustainability, and social responsibility (Ahn et al., 2023).
The Sea Toll Framework represents a paradigm shift in maritime trade, aiming to address the limitations of traditional practices through innovation and collaboration.By leveraging advanced technologies and strategic partnerships, the Sea Toll Framework seeks to optimize supply chains, reduce costs, and minimize environmental impact.
LFCS are a revolutionary concept in maritime transportation, designed to enhance the efficiency and welfare standards of livestock shipping (Bongomin et al., 2020).These specialized vessels feature modular containers that can be adjusted to accommodate various animal species and sizes, ensuring optimal conditions throughout the voyage.LFCS also incorporate advanced ventilation, feeding, and waste management systems to safeguard the health and well-being of livestock while minimizing environmental impact (Pedrazzani et al., 2023).Science Mapping refers to the systematic analysis and visualization of scientific knowledge within a specific field or domain.In the context of maritime trade, Science Mapping can provide valuable insights into emerging trends, technological innovations, and areas for research and development (Du et al., 2023).By mapping the interdisciplinary connections between maritime trade, logistics, engineering, and environmental science, stakeholders can identify opportunities for collaboration and innovation within the Sea Toll Framework.
The integration of LFCS and Science Mapping within the Sea Toll Framework has the potential to revolutionize the maritime trade industry (Garg et al., 2006).By addressing key challenges such as transportation efficiency, animal welfare, and environmental sustainability, these innovations can unlock new opportunities for economic growth, social responsibility, and

METHOD
This initiative consolidates research findings on maritime transportation and collapsible containers for livestock spanning the period from 2014 to 2023, utilizing Crossref data.The study employs the science mapping methodology with the VOSviewers program (Ariyatun et al., 2024).It is important to note that this publication does not offer an exhaustive review of all existing studies.Instead, it presents a quantitative summary of the present status and trends in the literature regarding sea toll and livestock folding containers.The aim is to help readers systematically grasp the evolution of publications, sources, publication types, contributions from countries of origin, citation trends, author contributions, fields of study, research subjects, and primary research areas.
The first phase of this research involves identifying literature-focused studies on sea toll and collapsible containers for livestock.This process brought to light deficiencies in existing literature, prompting the formulation of specific study objectives.The primary aim of this project is to systematically map the scientific landscape of sea toll and livestock folding containers.Subsequently, literature metadata was obtained from the chosen bibliographic database, leveraging Crossref.The acquired data was then examined and subjected to analysis using the VOSviewers software.Ultimately, a conclusive decision was reached.

DATABASE SELECTION
In this manuscript, bibliography data in CSV and RIS formats, sourced from the Crossref database using the Publish or Perish 8 Tool, is employed.The investigation is guided by the keywords "sea toll" and "livestock folding container," extracted from titles, abstracts, and literature within the database.Moreover, the research scope is delimited to the field of civil engineering, specifically focusing on waterway transportation.Science serves as a key avenue for comprehending humanity's place in the universe and forms the basis for societal and economic well-being (Chen, 2013).Employing the science mapping method allows for a comprehensive mapping of the evolution of science, which can evolve in tandem with scientific progress.This approach reveals the structural and dynamic dimensions of scientific research, offering a spatial representation of the interconnections among disciplines, fields, and authors (Bolivar et al., 2018).A sophisticated visual analytical domain presents promising avenues for exploration, with visual analytics representing the second generation of information visualization.
The process of science mapping involves three key conceptual steps aimed at creating an organic map (Chen, 2013).These steps encompass determining the magnitude of connections between units, elucidating the units and relationships in question within a lowdimensional space (typically employing two dimensions), and choosing analytical units composed of the fundamental components within the scientific domain under examination.
Currently, scientific mapping can be executed through various software applications such as CiteSpace ( 2003), scientific Science Tool (2009), VOSviewers (2010), and SciMAT (2012) (Chen, 2013).For the purposes of this study, the mapping process was conducted using the VOSviewers software.VOSviewers is a widely recognized application known for its capability to process data gathered from Crossref.With VOSviewer, it is possible to construct networks involving researchers, research institutions, nations, as well as keywords or concepts (Van Eck & Waltman, 2017).This software facilitates the creation of maps through network visualization, overlay visualization, and density visualization based on the data within the network (Bolivar et al., 2018).Proceedings, monograph, and other publications amount to 5 (0.5%), while journal issues, book parts, reference books, datasets, and databases contribute 1 publication (0.1%).This distribution highlights that researchers predominantly utilize journal articles and book chapters as the primary means to communicate their study results, thoughts, and opinions on this subject.

INFLUENTIAL COUNTRIES
The generation of academic papers is often viewed as a signal of the advancement of a scientific field (Wang et al., 2019).Variations in publication numbers can signify the evolution or shifts in research endeavors (Chen, 2013).Utilizing data from Crossref, a total of 56 countries made contributions between 2014 and 2023.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
The assessment of authors' contributions employed co-authorship analysis, treating authors as the unit of analysis and employing the full counting calculation method.A threshold was set, requiring a minimum of 5 documents authored by an individual and a minimum of 5 citations received by an author.
Based on the authorship mapping (Figure 2   identified 20 documents that garnered the highest citation numbers, as illustrated in Table 3.
Among the countries of origin for these top-cited publications, the United Kingdom, China, Germany, and Hong Kong each contributed 3, 3, 3, and 2 documents, respectively.
Additionally, the United States, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Chile, Turkey, Japan, India, and Nigeria were represented with one document each.From the citation counts presented in Table 3, it is evident that the exploration of livestock remains a compelling area of study, drawing considerable attention from numerous researchers.
Similarly, the discourse on sea containers has also attracted substantial interest, as indicated by   The distribution of subject areas contributing to publications relevant to sea toll and livestock folding containers indicates that animal husbandry constitutes the largest proportion at 39.8%, succeeded by others at 30.8%, transportation research at 17.4%, economics at 6.2%, and industrial engineering at 5.8%.This situation underscores the potential to explore additional opportunities for studies by employing various perspectives, scenarios, and approaches from different scientific fields.

MAJOR RESEARCH AREAS (ANALYSIS OF KEYWORDS CO-OCCURRENCES)
Mapping all keywords can offer an overview of the primary research areas investigated (Wuni et al., 2019).In this study, a total of 5893 keywords related to the sea toll and folding livestock container phase were identified.However, to conclude the research, the number of keywords was constrained using specific criteria: co-occurrence analysis, full counting calculations, considering all keywords as an analytical unit (Oraee et al., 2017) (Jin et al., 2018) (Hosseini et al., 2018), and employing a keyword occurrence threshold of 10.Following these parameters, 70 keywords meeting these criteria were identified and organized into four clusters, as illustrated in Figure 4.

Keyword -Network Visualization
As depicted in Figure 4, cluster 1 encompasses a set of 22 elements, including abstract,  In this research, the primary research areas are categorized into three groups based on the frequency of keyword occurrences (Table 5).The first group, Group 1, comprises keywords frequently used with an occurrence level X > 26.Group 2 represents a medium category with keyword occurrences falling within the range of 15 < X < 27.Group 3 encompasses keywords categorized as rarely used, specifically those with occurrences of X < 16.    19 for livestock folding container ships supporting sea tolls, offering valuable insights and paving the way for future research to address existing gaps in the literature.Limitations include a restricted depth of analysis and reliance on Google Scholar as the primary data source.
___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.1 | p.1-22 | e06305 | 2024.6 global cooperation.However, further research and development are needed to fully realize the potential of these technologies and ensure their widespread adoption across the maritime trade ecosystem.

4. 1
ANNUAL PUBLICATION TRENDS OF RESEARCH TOPICS The rise of publications discussing sea toll and livestock folding containers can be traced to the year 2017 when the article titled "Comparison of Container Shipping Network Efficiency in Indonesia: Nusantara Pendulum and Sea Tollway" (Fahmiasari & Parikesit, 2017) was published.The evolution of publications related to sea toll and livestock folding containers from Revolutionizing Maritime Trade: Unveiling The Innovative Sea Toll Framework Through Advanced Livestock Folding Container Ship Science Mapping ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.1 | p.1-22 | e06305 | 2024.8 2014 to 2023 is depicted in Figure 1.According to Crossref data, a total of 1000 documents were identified throughout this timeframe.

Figure 1 Publication
Figure 1Publication Developments trends of research topics ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.1 | p.1-22 | e06305 | 2024.10 China (76 publications), Spain (46 publications), India (41 publications), Indonesia (40 publications), Germany (27 publications), Russia (25 publications), and France (22publications).Based on these figures, the United Kingdom (UK) stands out as the primary contributor to publications, playing a substantial role in the exploration of sea toll and livestock folding container studies.This prominence is evident through the significant volume of publications.

Figure 2
Figure 2Authorship Network Visualization

Revolutionizing
Maritime Trade: Unveiling The Innovative Sea Toll Framework Through Advanced Livestock Folding Container Ship Science Mapping ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.1 | p.1-22 | e06305 | 2024.14 the significant number of citations associated with titles delving into this topic.Examples include "Genomics and disease resistance studies in livestock" (Bishop & Woolliams, 2014) accruing 124 citations, "Mapping signatures of positive selection in the genome of livestock" (Qanbari & Simianer, 2014) garnering 109 citations, and "Sea container terminals: New technologies and OR models" (Gharehgozli et al., 2016) receiving 108 citations.4.6 MAIN SUBJECT AREA OF RESEARCH This article examines five research subjects within the field, namely transportation, animal husbandry, economics, industrial engineering, and others.

Figure 6
Figure6illustrates a tree map depicting the primary research areas.Container, livestock, paper, port, and area emerge as the focal points that attract a substantial and increasing share of attention in discussions related to sea toll and livestock folding containers.In contrast, research areas such as organization, climate change, exposure, total, and Eritrea appear to be underdeveloped or garner a comparatively smaller proportion of attention during the observed period.The core research theme is constructed by utilizing information from the categorization of keywords, determined through the division into groups and the representation in the column chart.The proportion of research keywords is assessed by considering the frequency with which Figure 6Tree Map Main Research Area Revolutionizing Maritime Trade: Unveiling The Innovative Sea Toll Framework Through Advanced Livestock Folding Container Ship Science Mapping ___________________________________________________________________________ Rev. Gest.Soc.Ambient.| Miami | v.18.n.1 | p.1-22 | e06305 | 2024.5 inefficient in the face of growing demand and environmental pressures.Traditional maritime trade faces numerous challenges, including port congestion, lengthy transit times, high fuel consumption, and carbon emissions.Additionally, the transportation of livestock presents Revolutionizing Maritime Trade: Unveiling The Innovative Sea Toll Framework Through Advanced Livestock Folding Container Ship Science Mapping
Table 2 outlines the ranking of 55 countries based on their contributions to publications.The top 10 countries with the most substantial contributions are as follows: The United Kingdom (299 publications) leads in the number of publications, followed by the United States (148 publications), Denmark (84 publications),Revolutionizing Maritime Trade: Unveiling The Innovative Sea Toll Framework Through Advanced Livestock Folding Container Ship Science Mapping

Table 2
Country Rankings by Number of Publications

Table 3
Top 20 References with Strongest Citation Table 4 provides an overview of the number of publications and the corresponding percentage contributions associated with each subject area.From 2014 to 2023, the predominant subject areas in publications addressing sea toll and livestock folding containers were animal husbandry, contributing 398 documents, followed by transportation research with 174 documents, others with 308 documents, economics with 62 documents, and industrial engineering subjects with 58 documents.

Table 5
Keyword Grouping